Context:

Startups are new and fast-growing innovative businesses. These companies also deal with uncertain market conditions and work under constant time and business pressures. Although User Experience (UX) has been widely adopted in the software industry, this has not been a reality in the context of software startups yet. Several factors might influence whether, which, and how UX is adopted by software startups.

Objective:

The objective of this paper is to investigate in the literature how software startups work with UX and to discover the relationship between software development practices and UX in startups.

Methodology:

Our methodology is composed of three main activities: (1) mapping the literature seeking publications on UX work, software engineering, and startups, which resulted in 21 relevant publications; (2) a thematic analysis based on the output of step 1 (i.e., the relevant literature); and (3) refining the themes found out in step 2 and the design of their relationships to explain the link between UX work and software startups.

Results:

The challenges, opportunities, and practices associated with UX in the context of software startups reported by the literature were organized in a set of themes. As a result, seven themes were defined so as to identify needs and opportunities related to UX work in startups. In addition, we synthesize open questions from the literature and suggest new ones to further research directions about the adoption of UX by software startups.

Conclusion:

Our findings demonstrate that software startups require an approach to UX that is more adherent to the startups’ dynamic and disruptive nature. We also suggest emerging open research questions which should be answered to promote the evolution of UX as applied to software startups.

中文翻译：

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软件初创公司的用户体验工作：文献的主题分析

语境：

初创公司是新兴且快速增长的创新企业。这些公司还应对不确定的市场条件，并在持续的时间和业务压力下工作。尽管用户体验 (UX) 已在软件行业中得到广泛采用，但在软件初创企业的背景下，这尚未成为现实。有几个因素可能会影响软件初创公司是否采用、采用哪种以及如何采用 UX。

客观的：

本文的目的是在文献中研究软件初创公司如何与用户体验合作，并发现软件开发实践与初创公司用户体验之间的关系。

方法：

我们的方法由三项主要活动组成：（1）绘制有关 UX 工作、软件工程和初创公司的文献，从而产生了 21 篇相关出版物；(2) 基于步骤 1 的输出（即相关文献）的主题分析；(3) 完善步骤 2 中发现的主题及其关系的设计，以解释 UX 工作与软件初创公司之间的联系。

结果：

文献报道的软件初创公司背景下与用户体验相关的挑战、机遇和实践被组织成一组主题。因此，定义了七个主题，以确定与初创公司用户体验工作相关的需求和机会。此外，我们综合了文献中的开放性问题，并提出了新的问题，以进一步研究软件初创公司采用 UX 的方向。

结论：

我们的研究结果表明，软件初创公司需要一种更符合初创公司动态和破坏性本质的用户体验方法。我们还建议新出现的开放研究问题，这些问题应该得到回答，以促进 UX 应用于软件初创公司的发展。