Soluble HLA-G (sHLA-G) molecules are considered potent immunomodulators, and their dysregulated expression has been implicated in several pathological conditions, including coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Therefore, a case-control study (103 COVID-19 patients and 105 controls) was performed to determine sHLA-G role in severity of COVID-19. Results revealed that median levels of sHLA-G were significantly increased in serum of patients compared to controls (19.3 vs. 12.7 ng/mL; p <0.001). When patients and controls were stratified by age group, gender, body mass index, chronic disease, or ABO and Rh blood groups, the sHLA-G level did not show a significant difference in each stratum. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the up-regulated expression of sHLA-G was associated with an elevated risk of developing COVID-19. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that sHLA-G was a very good predictor of COVID-19, and at a cut-off value of 15.4 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of sHLA-G were 79.6 and 79.0%, respectively. Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed that sHLA-G was positively correlated with age, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, white blood cell count, and random blood glucose, while a negative correlation was recorded with vitamin D. In conclusion, up-regulated expression of sHLA-G was indicated in patients with severe COVID-19.

可溶性 HLA-G (sHLA-G) 分子被认为是有效的免疫调节剂，其表达失调与多种病理状况有关，包括冠状病毒病 19 (COVID-19)。因此，进行了一项病例对照研究（103 名 COVID-19 患者和 105 名对照者）以确定 sHLA-G 在 COVID-19 严重程度中的作用。结果显示，与对照组相比，患者血清中 sHLA-G 的中位水平显着增加（19.3与12.7 ng/mL；p <0.001)。当患者和对照组按年龄组、性别、体重指数、慢性疾病或 ABO 和 Rh 血型进行分层时，sHLA-G 水平在各层中没有显示出显着差异。Logistic 回归分析表明，sHLA-G 的上调表达与患 COVID-19 的风险升高有关。接受者操作特征曲线分析表明，sHLA-G 是 COVID-19 的一个很好的预测因子，在 15.4 ng/mL 的临界值下，sHLA-G 的敏感性和特异性分别为 79.6% 和 79.0%。Spearman 等级相关分析显示，sHLA-G 与年龄、血沉、白细胞计数和随机血糖呈正相关，而与维生素 D 呈负相关。