Purpose of Review

Tumors of the pericardium are rare, but a wide variety of congenital, infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes have been reported. Pericardial tumors can be categorized as non-neoplastic or neoplastic. Neoplastic lesions can be further divided into benign or malignant, with malignancies being either primary or secondary (metastatic). Clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of the most common entities are discussed.

Recent Findings

Metastatic neoplasms involving the heart and pericardium are far more common than primary pericardial neoplasms. Of primary pericardial malignancies, mesothelioma is the most common; notably, cytology of effusion fluid is relatively insensitive to the diagnosis. The prognosis for most malignancies of the pericardium, primary or secondary, is poor. Increasingly, clinically recognized diseases that involve the pericardium include Erdheim-Chester and IgG4-related disease.

Summary

This article provides a comprehensive review of the most recent literature to develop a structured framework to the differential diagnosis of pericardial tumors.

中文翻译：

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心包肿瘤鉴别诊断的临床病理方法

审查目的

心包肿瘤很少见，但已经报道了多种先天性、感染性、炎症性和肿瘤性过程。心包肿瘤可分为非肿瘤性或肿瘤性。肿瘤性病变可进一步分为良性或恶性，恶性肿瘤分为原发性或继发性（转移性）。讨论了最常见实体的临床、放射学和病理特征。

最近的发现

涉及心脏和心包的转移性肿瘤远比原发性心包肿瘤常见。在原发性心包恶性肿瘤中，间皮瘤是最常见的；值得注意的是，渗出液的细胞学检查对诊断相对不敏感。大多数原发性或继发性心包恶性肿瘤的预后很差。越来越多的临床公认的涉及心包的疾病包括 Erdheim-Chester 和 IgG4 相关疾病。

总结

本文对最新文献进行了全面回顾，以建立一个结构化的心包肿瘤鉴别诊断框架。