Abstract

Antibiotic contamination raises concerns over antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which can severely impact the human health and environment. Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is a widely used antibiotic that is incompletely metabolized in the body. In this study, the research objectives were (1) to isolate the native strain of Trichoderma sp. from the environment and analyze the tolerance toward SMX concentration by evaluating fungal growth, and (2) to investigate the potential of SMX removal by fungi. The potential fungi isolated from rotten tree bark showed 97% similarity to Trichoderma harzianum (Accession no. MH707098.1). The whole cell of fungi was examined in vitro; the strain Trichoderma harzianum BGP115 eliminated 71% of SMX after 7 days, while the white rot fungi Trametes versicolor, demonstrated 90% removal after 10 days. Furthermore, the tolerance of fungal growth toward SMX concentration at 10 mg L⁻¹ was analyzed, which indicated that Trichoderma harzianum BGP115 (the screened strain) exhibited more tolerance toward SMX than Trametes versicolor (the reference strain). The screened fungi isolated from rotted tree bark demonstrated the ability of SMX bioremoval and the potential to be tolerant to high concentrations of SMX.

摘要

抗生素污染引发了对抗生素抗性基因 (ARG) 的担忧，这会严重影响人类健康和环境。磺胺甲恶唑 (SMX) 是一种广泛使用的抗生素，在体内代谢不完全。本研究的研究目标是（1）分离木霉属的天然菌株。通过评估真菌生长来分析对 SMX 浓度的耐受性，以及 (2) 研究真菌去除 SMX 的潜力。从腐烂的树皮中分离出的潜在真菌与哈茨木霉（登录号 MH707098.1）有 97% 的相似性。真菌全细胞体外检测；菌株哈茨木霉BGP115 在 7 天后消除了 71% 的 SMX，而白腐真菌Trametes versicolor在 10 天后消除了 90%。此外，分析了真菌生长对 10 mg L ^-1浓度的 SMX 的耐受性，这表明哈茨木霉BGP115（筛选菌株）对 SMX 表现出比花斑栓菌（参考菌株）更高的耐受性。从腐烂的树皮中分离出的筛选真菌证明了 SMX 的生物去除能力和耐受高浓度 SMX 的潜力。