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Pre-salt rift morphology controls salt tectonics in the Campos Basin, offshore SE Brazil
Basin Research ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1111/bre.12588 Francyne Bochi do Amarante 1, 2 , Christopher Aiden‐Lee Jackson 2 , Leonardo Muniz Pichel 2, 3 , Claiton Marlon dos Santos Scherer 1 , Juliano Kuchle 1
Basin Research ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-16 , DOI: 10.1111/bre.12588 Francyne Bochi do Amarante 1, 2 , Christopher Aiden‐Lee Jackson 2 , Leonardo Muniz Pichel 2, 3 , Claiton Marlon dos Santos Scherer 1 , Juliano Kuchle 1
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Classic models of gravity-driven salt tectonics commonly depict kinematically linked zones of overburden deformation, characterised by updip extension and downdip contraction, separated by a weakly deformed zone associated with downdip translation above a relatively smooth base-salt surface. We use 2D and 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the south-central Campos Basin to show that these models fail to adequately capture the complex range of structural styles forming during salt-detached gravity-driven deformation above a rugose base-salt surface. In the Campos Basin, the base-salt is defined by broadly NE-trending, margin-parallel, generally seaward-dipping ramps that have up to 2 km of structural relief. We define three domains of overburden deformation: an updip extensional domain, an intermediate multiphase domain and a downdip contractional domain. The multiphase domain is defined by large, partly fault-bounded, ramp-syncline basins, the stratigraphic record of which suggest ca. 28 km of seaward gravity-driven translation of salt and its overburden since the end of the Albian. We also identify three main types of salt structures in the multiphase domain: (a) contractional anticlines that were subjected to later extension and normal faulting; (b) passive-to-active diapirs that were later extended and widened, and which are bound on their landward margins by landward-dipping, salt-detached normal faults and (c) reactive (extensional) diapirs that were subsequently squeezed. We argue that this multiphase deformation occurs because of basinward translation of salt and its overburden over complex base-salt relief, consistent with the predictions of physical models and several other seismic reflection data-based studies. Critically, these complex local strains overprint margin-scale patterns of deformation.
中文翻译：
盐下裂谷形态控制着巴西东南部近海坎波斯盆地的盐构造
重力驱动的盐构造的经典模型通常描绘上覆岩层变形的运动学联系区，其特征是上倾伸展和下倾收缩，被一个与下倾平移相关的弱变形区隔开，该区域与相对光滑的基底盐表面上方的下倾平移有关。我们使用来自 Campos 盆地中南部的 2D 和 3D 地震反射和钻孔数据表明，这些模型未能充分捕捉在粗糙的基底盐表面上方的脱盐重力驱动变形期间形成的复杂结构样式范围。在 Campos 盆地，基盐由大致 NE 向、边缘平行、通常向海倾斜的斜坡定义，这些斜坡具有长达 2 公里的结构起伏。我们定义了覆盖变形的三个域：上倾伸展域，中间多相域和下倾收缩域。多相域由大型的、部分断层边界的斜坡向斜盆地所定义，其地层记录表明约。自阿尔比 (Albian) 末期以来，28 公里的海洋重力驱动盐及其覆盖层的平移。我们还在多相域中确定了三种主要类型的盐结构：（a）受到后期伸展和正断层影响的收缩背斜；(b) 被动-主动底辟，后来被延伸和加宽，并被向陆倾斜、盐分分离的正断层束缚在其向陆边缘，以及 (c) 随后被挤压的反应性（伸展）底辟。我们认为，这种多相变形的发生是由于盐向盆地的平移及其在复杂的基底盐浮雕上的覆盖，与物理模型的预测和其他一些基于地震反射数据的研究一致。至关重要的是，这些复杂的局部应变会覆盖边缘尺度的变形模式。
更新日期：2021-09-03
中文翻译：
盐下裂谷形态控制着巴西东南部近海坎波斯盆地的盐构造
重力驱动的盐构造的经典模型通常描绘上覆岩层变形的运动学联系区，其特征是上倾伸展和下倾收缩，被一个与下倾平移相关的弱变形区隔开，该区域与相对光滑的基底盐表面上方的下倾平移有关。我们使用来自 Campos 盆地中南部的 2D 和 3D 地震反射和钻孔数据表明，这些模型未能充分捕捉在粗糙的基底盐表面上方的脱盐重力驱动变形期间形成的复杂结构样式范围。在 Campos 盆地，基盐由大致 NE 向、边缘平行、通常向海倾斜的斜坡定义，这些斜坡具有长达 2 公里的结构起伏。我们定义了覆盖变形的三个域：上倾伸展域，中间多相域和下倾收缩域。多相域由大型的、部分断层边界的斜坡向斜盆地所定义，其地层记录表明约。自阿尔比 (Albian) 末期以来，28 公里的海洋重力驱动盐及其覆盖层的平移。我们还在多相域中确定了三种主要类型的盐结构：（a）受到后期伸展和正断层影响的收缩背斜；(b) 被动-主动底辟，后来被延伸和加宽，并被向陆倾斜、盐分分离的正断层束缚在其向陆边缘，以及 (c) 随后被挤压的反应性（伸展）底辟。我们认为，这种多相变形的发生是由于盐向盆地的平移及其在复杂的基底盐浮雕上的覆盖，与物理模型的预测和其他一些基于地震反射数据的研究一致。至关重要的是，这些复杂的局部应变会覆盖边缘尺度的变形模式。
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