Indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is increasingly recognized as a valuable asset in sustainability science. Knowledges of Indigenous peoples and local communities is becoming a critical tool for understanding coastal social-ecological systems and coping with global changes. The inclusion of ILK in research and management is key to local desirable social-ecological resilience and community-based conservation approaches, especially in areas with accelerated landscape changes. The Global South in particular is experiencing rapid changes through development and climate change, while harbouring many biodiversity hotspots. To synthesize the existing information and highlight still existing research gaps we conducted a systematic literature review on ILK from coastal ecosystems in the Global South (n = 254). Our results show to which biophysical aspects and ecosystems the knowledge is related, as well as the challenges and benefits that accompany the inclusion of ILK for management and research. Main challenges named were based on external forces, such as globalisation and market pressure but also a lack of integration and respect in governance and management for ILK and the difficulty of integrating ILK in today's academic work. Many researchers showed ways to overcome such multi-scale challenges and highlighted the importance of this process due to the various benefits of ILK for management and research. All articles reviewed named benefits in ecological (e.g. complementary knowledge production), political (e.g. support of community-based governance) or socio-cultural (e.g. maintenance of culture and livelihoods) aspects for management and research. Maintaining ILK is crucial for Indigenous people and local communities and carries insights to govern coastal ecosystems during the challenging times ahead. We conclude that future research is needed to further develop the current position of ILK in research and management of ecosystems, especially as global environmental changes may contribute to the acceleration of losing ILK from coastal ecosystems in the Global South.

土著和地方知识 (ILK) 越来越被认为是可持续发展科学的宝贵资产。土著人民和当地社区的知识正在成为了解沿海社会生态系统和应对全球变化的重要工具。将 ILK 纳入研究和管理是当地理想的社会生态复原力和基于社区的保护方法的关键，尤其是在景观变化加速的地区。特别是全球南方正在经历发展和气候变化带来的快速变化，同时拥有许多生物多样性热点。为了综合现有信息并突出仍然存在的研究差距，我们对来自全球南方沿海生态系统的 ILK 进行了系统的文献回顾（n = 254）。我们的结果显示了知识与哪些生物物理方面和生态系统相关，以及将 ILK 纳入管理和研究所带来的挑战和好处。提到的主要挑战是基于外部力量，例如全球化和市场压力，但也缺乏对 ILK 治理和管理的整合和尊重，以及在当今的学术工作中整合 ILK 的难度。由于 ILK 对管理和研究的各种好处，许多研究人员展示了克服这种多尺度挑战的方法，并强调了这一过程的重要性。所有文章都审查了生态（例如补充知识生产）、政治（例如支持基于社区的治理）或社会文化（例如 维护文化和生计）方面的管理和研究。维护 ILK 对土著人民和当地社区至关重要，并为在未来充满挑战的时期管理沿海生态系统提供了见解。我们得出的结论是，需要进一步研究 ILK 在生态系统研究和管理中的当前地位，特别是因为全球环境变化可能会加速全球南方沿海生态系统中 ILK 的流失。