Extensive research has been conducted on controlling carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur oxides (SO_x), and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) emissions in recent years with increasing environmental awareness. The primary contributor to climate change is the exponentially growing anthropogenic CO₂, NO_x, and SO_x in the air from various energy and industrial sectors. Hence, several pre-combustion and post-combustion processes to mitigate these gases have been introduced and implemented. Despite the benefits of CO₂, SO_x, and NO_x abatement technologies, researchers still have major challenges to deal with. While the removal efficiencies, operational costs, and resulting byproducts of conventional removal technologies are being improved, new technologies are also emerging. As it is evident from the current abundant reserves of coal that it will continue to be in a significant position among the principal sources of energy for more than a decade, the research for the reduction of CO₂, NO_x, and SO_x is inevitable to save future generations from the harmful impacts of these pollutants. This review paper summarizes the progress of different emission control technologies at the plant level and introduces emerging technologies that are environment friendly.

近年来，随着环境意识的提高，已经对控制二氧化碳（CO ₂）、硫氧化物（SO _x）和氮氧化物（NO _x）排放进行了广泛的研究。导致气候变化的主要因素是来自各种能源和工业部门的空气中人为 CO ₂、NO _x和 SO _x呈指数增长。因此，已经引入并实施了几种用于减轻这些气体的燃烧前和燃烧后过程。尽管有 CO ₂、SO _x和 NO _x的好处减排技术，研究人员仍然面临重大挑战。在提高传统去除技术的去除效率、运营成本和由此产生的副产品的同时，新技术也在不断涌现。从目前丰富的煤炭储量可以看出，未来十多年，煤炭在主要能源中仍将处于重要地位，因此对减少CO ₂、NO _x和SO _x的研究势在必行。使后代免受这些污染物的有害影响。本综述总结了不同排放控制技术在工厂层面的进展，并介绍了环保的新兴技术。