This paper presents the paleocurrent evolution of the Persian Gulf deep water (PGDW) during the last 5000 years using faunal (foraminiferal assemblage) and non-faunal (magnetic susceptibility, sediment grain size, number of coarse relict particles and physicochemical characteristics) indicators from a 133 cm long core retrieved from the Strait of Hormoz (SH). Our results suggest that the precession-related insolation change and solar variability induced long-term and short-term sea surface temperature (SST) rise and fall resulted in variation of PGDW outflow strength. Two periods of decreasing SST (5000–4300 and 2000–1450 cal yr BP), accompanied by wetter conditions in the Middle East, are related to the reduction of the PGDW current velocity. A combination of high sedimentation rate (0.72 mm yr⁻¹, due to high terrigenous input) with a relatively low bottom flow energy cause the settling of finer sediments providing a favourable environment for the expansion of benthic foraminifera (dominated by infaunal taxa). On the contrary, the PGDW current velocity strengthens in the periods of SST increase (4300–2000 and 1450 cal yr BP to present) with decreasing sedimentation rate (0.15–0.34 mm yr⁻¹, due to low river discharge). During both periods of high-velocity bottom currents, the benthic foraminifera accumulation rate decreases. However, as the PGDW brings a relatively high amount of dissolved oxygen (3.25 mg/l in summer and 4.79 mg/l in winter) and phytodetritus particles, compared to the surrounding water, some particular foraminifera (especially robust suspension feeder epifaunal taxa) evolved. SST increase, intensified by anthropically caused global warming, may lead to PGDW intensification in the future.

本文介绍了过去 5000 年波斯湾深水 (PGDW) 的古洋流演化，使用动物群（有孔虫组合）和非动物群（磁化率、沉积物粒度、粗残颗粒数量和物理化学特征）指标从一个从霍尔木兹海峡 (SH) 回收的 133 厘米长的岩心。我们的研究结果表明，进动相关的日照变化和太阳变化引起的长期和短期海面温度 (SST) 上升和下降导致 PGDW 流出强度的变化。两个 SST 下降时期（5000-4300 和 2000-1450 cal yr BP），伴随着中东潮湿的条件，与 PGDW 电流速度的降低有关。高沉降速率（0.72 mm yr ^-1，由于高陆源输入）具有相对较低的底部流动能量导致更细的沉积物沉降，为底栖有孔虫（以底栖类群为主）的扩张提供了有利的环境。相反，PGDW 水流速度在 SST 增加期间（4300-2000 和 1450 cal yr BP 到现在）随着沉积速率的降低（0.15-0.34 mm yr ^-1，由于河流流量低）。在高速底流的两个时期，底栖有孔虫的积累率下降。然而，由于 PGDW 带来了相对较高的溶解氧量（夏季 3.25 毫克/升，冬季 4.79 毫克/升）和植物碎屑颗粒，与周围的水相比，一些特殊的有孔虫（尤其是健壮的悬浮饲养表层动物分类群）进化了. 人为引起的全球变暖加剧了 SST 的增加，未来可能会导致 PGDW 的加剧。