Symbiotic stars belong to a group of interacting binaries that display a wide variety of phenomena, including prominent outbursts connected with mass transfer, as well as stellar winds, jets, eclipses, or intrinsic variability of the components. Dozens of new symbiotic stars and candidates have been discovered in recent years. However, there are many objects that are still poorly studied. Some symbiotic candidates suspected in the literature have never been studied spectroscopically. In this contribution, we present the first results of the ongoing campaign focused on symbiotic candidates. In the first paper in the series, we study the nature of 10 candidate classical symbiotic stars suspected based on their photometric behaviour, colours or abundance pattern. To confirm or reject the symbiotic nature of the studied candidates, we obtained new spectra and analysed them in detail together with available multifrequency photometric and spectroscopic observations of the objects. Hen 3−860 and V2204 Oph are genuine symbiotic systems showing typical spectral features of burning symbiotic stars and outbursts in the last 100 yr. The first object belongs to the uncommon group of eclipsing symbiotic stars. V1988 Sgr cannot be classified as a genuine burning symbiotic star, but the scenario of an accreting-only symbiotic system cannot be ruled out. Hen 4−204 might be a bonafide symbiotic star due to its similarity with the known symbiotic binary BD Cam. Six other symbiotic candidates (V562 Lyr, IRAS 19050+0001, EC 19249−7343, V1017 Cyg, PN K1−6, V379 Peg) are either single dwarf or giant stars or non-symbiotic binaries.

中文翻译：

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共生候选星的光谱和光度分析——一、经典共生星的十个候选星

共生星属于一组相互作用的双星，它们显示出各种各样的现象，包括与质量转移相关的突出爆发，以及恒星风、喷流、日食或成分的内在变化。近年来发现了数十个新的共生星和候选星。然而，仍有许多物体研究得很少。文献中怀疑的一些共生候选者从未进行过光谱学研究。在这篇文章中，我们展示了正在进行的以共生候选者为重点的运动的第一个结果。在该系列的第一篇论文中，我们根据光度行为、颜色或丰度模式研究了 10 颗候选经典共生星的性质。确认或拒绝研究候选人的共生性质，我们获得了新的光谱，并详细分析了它们以及对物体的可用多频光度和光谱观察。Hen 3−860 和 V2204 Oph 是真正的共生系统，显示出过去 100 年中燃烧的共生恒星和爆发的典型光谱特征。第一个天体属于罕见的食共生星群。V1988 Sgr不能被归类为真正的燃烧共生星，但不能排除仅吸积共生系统的情况。Hen 4−204 可能是一颗真正的共生星，因为它与已知的共生双星 BD Cam 相似。其他六个共生候选者（V562 Lyr、IRAS 19050+0001、EC 19249−7343、V1017 Cyg、PN K1−6、V379 Peg）要么是单颗矮星，要么是巨星，要么是非共生双星。