Six ruminally cannulated steers (average BW = 791 + 71 kg) were used in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment to determine the effects of roughage type on rumination, fiber mat characteristics, and rumen fermentation variables. Three roughages were included at 7% (DM basis) in a steam flaked corn-based diet; cotton burrs (CB), wheat silage (WS), or corn stalks (CS). Steers were fitted with a sensory collar to record rumination behaviors in 2-h intervals at the beginning of the experiment. Each 30-d period consisted of a 7-d of recovery, 14-d of diet adaptation, 7-d of rumination data collection (daily and bi-hourly average rumination), 1-d of rumen fluid collection, and 1-d of rumen evacuations. In situ degradation of individual roughages was determined for 4-d after period 3 evacuations. During rumen evacuations, ruminal contents were removed; the rumen fiber mat (RF) was separated from the liquid portion with a 2 mm sieve, weighed, and a subsample was dried. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS with steer as the experimental unit and roughage (CB, WS, and CS) as the main effect. Dry matter intake (DMI) was not different for CB and WS (P = 0.25) and greatest for steers consuming CS diet (P < 0.01). Roughage type did not influence the weight of the RF dry matter (%; DM; P = 0.92), RF weight (P = 0.69), or RF:DMI ratio (P = 0.29). Daily rumination (min/d) did not differ among roughages (P = 0.40), but min of rumination/kg of DMI was greatest for CS (18.0 min), min/kg of NDF was greatest for WS (89.8 min; P = 0.02), and min/kg of peNDF was greatest for CS (132.4 min; P < 0.01). Wheat silage had the greatest percentage of soluble DM and CB-R and CS-R (P < 0.01) had the greatest ruminal degraded DM fraction. Rumen fiber mat did not differ for roughages, although rumination min/kg of DMI and peNDF was greatest for steers consuming CS and WS. In situ degradation determined that CB-R and CS-R had the greatest percentage of ruminal degraded DM. Based on the objective of the experiment, roughage type did not influence daily rumination or fiber mat characteristics.

中文翻译：

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粗饲料类型对肉牛颗粒分离、反刍、纤维垫特性、原位降解和瘤胃发酵参数的影响


在重复的 3 × 3 拉丁方实验中使用了六头瘤胃插管公牛（平均体重 = 791 + 71 kg），以确定粗饲料类型对反刍、纤维垫特性和瘤胃发酵变量的影响。蒸汽压片玉米日粮中含有 7%（干物质基础）的三种粗饲料；棉毛刺 (CB)、小麦青贮饲料 (WS) 或玉米秆 (CS)。在实验开始时，给公牛安装一个感觉项圈，每隔 2 小时记录一次反刍行为。每个 30 天的周期包括 7 天的恢复、14 天的饮食适应、7 天的反刍数据收集（每日和每两小时平均反刍）、1 天的瘤胃液收集和 1 天的反刍数据收集。瘤胃疏散。在第 3 阶段疏散后 4 天内测定了单个粗饲料的原位降解情况。在瘤胃清除过程中，瘤胃内容物被除去；用2mm筛子将瘤胃纤维垫(RF)与液体部分分离，称重，并将子样品干燥。使用SAS的MIXED程序对数据进行分析，以阉牛为实验单位，以粗饲料（CB、WS和CS）为主要效果。 CB 和 WS 的干物质摄入量 (DMI) 没有差异 (P = 0.25)，而食用 CS 日粮的公牛干物质摄入量 (DMI) 最大 (P < 0.01)。粗饲料类型不影响 RF 干物质重量（%；DM；P = 0.92）、RF 重量（P = 0.69）或 RF:DMI 比率（P = 0.29）。粗饲料之间的每日反刍量（分钟/天）没有差异（P = 0.40），但 CS 的反刍分钟数/千克 DMI 最大（18.0 分钟），WS 的每千克 NDF 最大（89.8 分钟；P = 0.02），并且 PENDF 的 min/kg 对于 CS 来说是最大的（132.4 分钟；P < 0.01）。小麦青贮饲料中可溶性干物质的比例最高，CB-R 和 CS-R (P < 0.01) 的瘤胃降解干物质比例最高。 粗饲料的瘤胃纤维垫没有差异，尽管对于消耗 CS 和 WS 的公牛而言，DMI 和 peNDF 的反刍分钟/千克最大。原位降解确定CB-R和CS-R在瘤胃中降解DM的比例最大。根据实验目的，粗饲料类型不会影响日常反刍或纤维垫特性。