Recent public discourse and political theory center on “structural” approaches of assigning responsibility for injustice in contrast to an “interactional” perspective. The interactional approach corrects discrete harms between agents to return to a just baseline, whereas the structural approach casts a wider net implicating agents in harmful structures for systemic transformation. This theory note advances the understanding of structural responsibility in international relations by defending it against common critiques of underspecification and lack of targeted accountability. We argue that structural arguments are better understood as constituting a framework on the nature of injustice rather than a theory or descriptor of particular harms. We present a “framework, theory, action” heuristic, drawing from constructivism's evolution from a theory (like realism and liberalism) when it first appeared to a framework (like rationalism) more recently. Our framework heuristic makes available a fuller range of conceptual tools to hold unjust structures responsible, including through targeted blame and liability, and discards the need to invent new actions to discharge structural responsibility. Rather than settle on one definition of structural responsibility—what it means, where it is located, and how it is discharged—we direct scholars to the numerous ways structural responsibility may be theorized and enacted.

中文翻译：

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如何让不公正的结构在国际关系中负责

最近的公共话语和政治理论集中在分配不公正责任的“结构性”方法上，而不是“互动”的观点。交互方法纠正代理之间的离散危害以恢复到公正的基线，而结构方法则投下更广泛的网络，将代理纳入有害结构以进行系统性转型。该理论说明通过捍卫国际关系中的结构性责任免受对规范不足和缺乏针对性问责制的普遍批评，从而促进了对国际关系结构责任的理解。我们认为，结构性论证更好地理解为构成关于不公正性质的框架，而不是对特定危害的理论或描述。我们提出了一个“框架、理论、行动”启发式，借鉴了建构主义 从最初出现的理论（如现实主义和自由主义）演变为最近的框架（如理性主义）。我们的启发式框架提供了更全面的概念工具来追究不公正的结构的责任，包括通过有针对性的责备和责任，并放弃了发明新行动来履行结构责任的需要。我们没有将结构性责任定为一个定义——它意味着什么、它位于何处以及如何履行——我们将学者们引导到结构性责任可以被理论化和制定的多种方式。包括通过有针对性的责备和责任，并放弃发明新行动来履行结构性责任的需要。我们没有将结构性责任定为一个定义——它意味着什么、它位于何处以及如何履行——我们将学者们引导到可以将结构性责任理论化和制定的多种方式。包括通过有针对性的责备和责任，并放弃发明新行动来履行结构性责任的需要。我们没有将结构性责任定为一个定义——它意味着什么、它位于何处以及如何履行——我们将学者们引导到可以将结构性责任理论化和制定的多种方式。