Leptospirosis is a neglected disease in Vietnam. Only a few studies have evaluated the status of Leptospira infection in both humans and animals. To our knowledge, this is the first serological survey of Leptospira in both domestic and wild animals, which may act as reservoirs of this agent. This study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of Leptospira in animals that are in close contact with humans in different geographical areas in Vietnam. Sera were collected from 1205 individual animals of six species, including buffaloes, cattle, cats, dogs, swine, and rats. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 25 serovars of Leptospira spp. has been employed to detect serovars of Leptospira among the studied population. Overall, 44.2% of buffaloes, 24.9% of cattle, 10.2% of swine, 32.9% of dogs, 12.2% of cats, and 16% of rats were seropositive. A total of 17 different serovars were detected, of which serovars Hebdomadis and Canicola circulated in all the studied animal species. Variability of the predominant serovars circulating in animal species and in different geographical areas of Vietnam has been noted. We conclude that this study showed a high prevalence of Leptospira circulating in animals that are in close contact with humans, raising an alert of the important sources of pathogenic leptospires transmission to humans in Vietnam. These findings prove an imperative need for effective measures for disease prevention.

钩端螺旋体病在越南是一种被忽视的疾病。只有少数研究评估了人类和动物的钩端螺旋体感染状况。据我们所知，这是首次对家畜和野生动物进行钩端螺旋体血清学调查，这些动物可能是这种病原体的储存库。本研究旨在评估越南不同地理区域与人类密切接触的动物中钩端螺旋体的血清流行率。血清采集自 6 个物种的 1205 只动物个体，包括水牛、牛、猫、狗、猪和大鼠。针对钩端螺旋体属 25 种血清型的显微凝集试验 (MAT) 。已用于检测研究人群中的钩端螺旋体血清型。总体而言，44.2%的水牛、24.9%的牛、10.2%的猪、32.9%的狗、12.2%的猫和16%的大鼠血清呈阳性。总共检测到 17 种不同的血清型，其中 Hebdomadis 和 Canicola 血清型在所有研究的动物物种中循环。人们已经注意到在动物物种和越南不同地理区域中流行的主要血清型的变异性。我们的结论是，这项研究表明钩端螺旋体在与人类密切接触的动物中流行，这引起了对越南致病性钩端螺旋体向人类传播的重要来源的警惕。这些发现证明迫切需要采取有效的疾病预防措施。