Background

Hydrogen energy has received increased attention because of environmental needs and because it is an attractive replacement for fossil fuels. However, the presence of hydrogen in steels is known to be prejudicial to their global performance due to reduced ductility and unpredictable failures.

Objective

To understand the diffusivity of hydrogen in carbon steels, a new hydrogen permeation system was developed to reveal hydrogen diffusion characteristics in carbon steels.

Methods

Hydrogen gas was applied directly to one of the chambers to determine if hydrogen would permeate through the steel plate and into the other chamber. The hydrogen gas charged into the chamber at a pressure of 0.7 MPa after air removal using a vacuum pump, and fresh air was charged into the other chamber at atmospheric pressure before the measurement of the penetrated hydrogen.

Results

Hydrogen did not diffuse substantially through a steel plate heated to less than 50 °C, but it did diffuse effectively through a carbon steel plate heated to more than 100 °C. The amount of hydrogen that diffused through the steel plate increased nonlinearly with increasing plate temperature and charging time. However, the diffusion amount saturated at 100 °C even after more than 2 h of charging, and hydrogen penetration through the steel plate stopped. In particular, the hydrogen atoms trapped in the steel plate interrupted the penetration of newly charged hydrogen atoms.

Conclusion

By using newly proposed system, it is now possible to accurately quantify the diffusion amount of the hydrogen in the carbon steels, and hydrogen charging of the carbon steels was found to be irreversible. Based upon the results, hydrogen trapping system and hydrogen embrittlement characteristics were proposed.

中文翻译：

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使用新开发的氢渗透系统检查碳钢中的氢扩散率

背景

由于环境需要以及作为化石燃料的有吸引力的替代品，氢能受到越来越多的关注。然而，众所周知，钢中氢的存在会由于延展性降低和不可预测的故障而对其整体性能产生不利影响。

客观的

为了了解氢在碳钢中的扩散率，开发了一种新的氢渗透系统来揭示碳钢中的氢扩散特性。

方法

将氢气直接施加到其中一个腔室，以确定氢气是否会渗透钢板并进入另一个腔室。使用真空泵除去空气后，将氢气以0.7MPa的压力充入腔室，在测量渗透氢之前，在大气压下将新鲜空气充入另一个腔室。

结果

氢基本上不会通过加热到 50°C 以下的钢板扩散，但它确实通过加热到 100°C 以上的碳钢板有效扩散。通过钢板扩散的氢量随着钢板温度和充电时间的增加而非线性增加。然而，即使在充电超过 2 小时后，扩散量在 100 °C 时仍会饱和，并且氢通过钢板的渗透停止。特别是，被困在钢板中的氢原子中断了新带电氢原子的渗透。

结论

通过使用新提出的系统，现在可以准确量化碳钢中氢的扩散量，并且发现碳钢的充氢是不可逆的。在此基础上，提出了氢捕集系统和氢脆特性。