• Note from the Editor
• Sem Vermeersch, Editor-in-chief

This issue includes six research articles, four on the history of pre-modern Korea, one on post-liberation south Korea, and one on transnational Korea. There is also one article that translates and contextualizes a source text, and three book notes.

The first article, by King Kwong Wong, attempts to propose a solution to a problem that has long plagued scholars of the Mongol period in Korean history: What exactly was the status of the Goryeo kingdom within the Mongol Empire? The author focuses on the operation of the Branch Secretariat for the Eastern Campaign to show how the issue of sovereignty was fluid and contested: Though nominally an instrument of Mongol control over Goryeo, the Branch Secretariat also provided an avenue for Goryeo officials to enter the Yuan civil service administration. This gave Goryeo officials a voice at the Yuan court, and they could and did use this platform to defend Goryeo’s autonomy.

The next article, by Michael C. E. Finch, takes us to the Imjin War. Thanks to the Swaemirok, a diary kept by O Huimun, we can discover how an ordinary scholar managed to keep his family together during this period of turmoil. The article focuses on O’s recourse to divination and his interactions with a divination official. This reveals O Huimun’s anxieties over family matters, notably the health of his daughter. It also sheds light on an elite scholar’s layered attitude towards divination and diviners.

The third article also deals with the Joseon period. In it, Hyun Soon Park seeks to answer the question why the so-called state celebration examination (gyeonggwa) became so popular in late Joseon Korea. Besides the regular triennial examination, additional examinations were sometimes held to mark special occasions; usually they were tied to important court celebrations and rituals, the legitimacy of which was enhanced by the presence of many scholars. Examinations held after these ritual celebrations were an incentive to secure the scholars’ goodwill towards the court. Given their focus on literary composition, an interesting bifurcation developed, in which provincial scholars preferred the [End Page v] triennial celebration (which focused on rote memorization), while capital scholars predominantly participated in the state celebration examinations.

In the third and final article on Joseon history, Kyusik Sim looks at a type of source that has received almost no exposure in Korean Studies: stone monuments that commemorate the construction of bridges. One of the reasons for their neglect is that they do not fit into any of the traditional categories of literary composition. However, as the author shows, this also gave the authors of such inscriptions leeway for experimentation. The author has unearthed a fascinating text by the exiled scholar Sim Yeolji for a bridge in Gijang County, near Busan. Although the text was never carved on stone, the author shows how it still left its mark on the community, and thus allows us to gauge how exiles contributed to and interacted with the local community.

In “The ‘Bunce Plan’ and the Aborted Land Reform of 1946” Il-Young Jung presents his findings on an important precursor to land reform in post-liberation South Korea. Although the Bunce Plan, named after the State Department official Arthur C. Bunce who was dispatched to Korea in 1946, was never implemented, it nevertheless constituted an important blueprint for the reforms eventually implemented in 1948. The article reveals that it was not only opposition by Koreans that doomed the plan, but also opposition on the part of the USAMGIK military who were governing the southern part of the peninsula until 1948.

In the final research article of this issue, Wonjung Min investigates how Chilean K-pop fans perceive their idols. Specifically, her research ascertains what ideal of masculinity the fans identify with. In contrast to the hegemonic ideal of masculinity dominant in mainstream Chilean culture, K-pop offers flexible, hybrid models of masculinity that fans like to identify with.

Besides the regular articles this issue also contains a section on “materials in translation.” Hui Zou and Myengsoo Seo introduce and translate Seo Yugu’s Jangchwiwon, an essay about an imaginary garden. Famous as the author of...

• 编者注
• Sem Vermeersch，主编

本期包括六篇研究文章，四篇关于前现代朝鲜的历史，一篇关于解放后的南朝鲜，一篇关于跨国朝鲜。还有一篇文章翻译和背景化了源文本，以及三篇书评。

广王王的第一篇文章试图提出一个解决朝鲜历史上长期困扰蒙古时期学者的问题：高丽王国在蒙古帝国中的地位究竟如何？作者着重于东征支书的运作，以说明主权问题是如何流动和有争议的：虽然名义上是蒙古人控制高丽的工具，但支书也为高丽官员提供了进入元朝的途径公务员管理。这让高丽官员在元朝有了发言权，他们可以也确实利用这个平台来捍卫高丽的自治。

Michael CE Finch 的下一篇文章将带我们进入临津战争。多亏了Swaemirok，被O Huimun写日记，我们可以发现一介书生管理如何在这段混乱期，以保持他的家人在一起。这篇文章的重点是 O 求助于占卜以及他与占卜官员的互动。这揭示了 O Huimun 对家庭事务的焦虑，尤其是他女儿的健康。它还揭示了精英学者对占卜和占卜者的分层态度。

第三篇文章也涉及朝鲜时期。其中，朴贤顺试图回答为什么所谓的国庆考试（gyeonggwa）在朝鲜后期如此流行的问题。除了定期的三年一次的考试外，有时还会举行额外的考试以纪念特殊场合；通常，它们与重要的宫廷庆典和仪式有关，许多学者的出席增强了其合法性。在这些仪式庆祝之后举行的考试是确保学者对朝廷的善意的一种激励。鉴于他们专注于文学创作，产生了一个有趣的分歧，其中省级学者更喜欢[End Page v]三年一次的庆典（侧重于死记硬背），而首都学者主要参加州庆典考试。

在关于朝鲜历史的第三篇也是最后一篇文章中，Kyusik Sim 着眼于韩国研究中几乎没有曝光的一类资料：纪念桥梁建设的石碑。他们被忽视的原因之一是他们不适合任何传统的文学作品类别。然而，正如作者所展示的，这也给了此类铭文的作者进行实验的余地。作者发掘了流亡学者沉烈智为釜山附近的吉张县的一座桥梁而撰写的引人入胜的文字。尽管文字从未刻在石头上，但作者展示了它如何仍然在社区上留下印记，从而使我们能够衡量流亡者如何为当地社区做出贡献并与之互动。

Il-Young Jung 在“Bunce 计划”和 1946 年流产的土地改革中介绍了他对解放后韩国土地改革的一个重要先驱的发现。尽管以 1946 年派往韩国的国务院官员亚瑟·C·邦斯 (Arthur C. Bunce) 的名字命名的邦斯计划从未实施，但它却构成了最终于 1948 年实施的改革的重要蓝图。韩国人注定了该计划，但也遭到了美国军事力量的反对，他们一直统治着半岛南部直到 1948 年。

在本期的最后一篇研究文章中，Wonjung Min 调查了智利 K-pop 粉丝如何看待他们的偶像。具体来说，她的研究确定了粉丝认同的男性气质理想。与在智利主流文化中占主导地位的男性气质霸权理想相反，K-pop 提供了粉丝喜欢认同的灵活、混合的男性气质模式。

除了常规文章外，本期还包含“翻译材料”部分。邹慧和徐明秀介绍并翻译了徐裕固的《Jangchwiwon》，这是一篇关于假想花园的文章。著名的作者...