Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) has been an alarming global public health issue. The disease affects mainly poor and marginalized people in low-resource settings and is caused by two subspecies of haemoflagellate parasite, Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies. Progress made in HAT control during the past decade has prompted increasing global dialogue on its elimination and eradication. The disease is targeted by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination as a public health problem by 2020 and to terminate its transmission globally by 2030, along-side other Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTD). Several methods have been used to control tsetse flies and the disease transmitted by them. Old and new tools to control the disease are available with constraints. Currently, there are no vaccines available. Efforts towards intervention to control the disease over the past decade have seen considerable progress and remarkable success with incidence dropping progressively, reversing the upward trend of reported cases. This gives credence in a real progress in its elimination. This study reviews various control measures, progress and a highlight of control issues, vector and parasite barriers that may have been hindering progress towards its elimination.

中文翻译：

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加速消除人类非洲锥虫病：问题和机遇

非洲人类锥虫病 (HAT) 一直是一个令人担忧的全球公共卫生问题。该疾病主要影响资源匮乏地区的贫困和边缘化人群，由血鞭毛虫寄生虫布氏锥虫的两个亚种引起并由采采蝇传播。过去十年在 HAT 控制方面取得的进展促使全球就消除和根除 HAT 展开越来越多的对话。世界卫生组织 (WHO) 的目标是到 2020 年消除这一公共卫生问题，并在 2030 年之前终止其在全球的传播，以及其他被忽视的热带病 (NTD)。已经使用了几种方法来控制采采蝇及其传播的疾病。控制疾病的新旧工具都有限制。目前，没有可用的疫苗。过去十年来，为控制疾病而采取的干预措施取得了长足的进步和显着的成功，发病率逐渐下降，扭转了报告病例的上升趋势。这使人们相信它在消除方面取得了真正的进展。