Developing a biomechanical model which connected with the actual anatomy of the human body is helpful to understand the human response to vibration. A finite element model of the seated human body with 175 cm in stature and 68.6 kg in weight, which consists of seven segments, six joints and soft tissue, was established to reflect apparent mass based on the Hybrid III dummy model. By comparing the body segment mass percentages with previous data, the rationality of mass distribution in this model was verified. The biomechanical parameters play a crucial role in biodynamic modeling, while the joint and soft tissue parameters are difficult to choose due to the wide range of anthropometric parameters. In this study, the root-mean-square error between the calculated and the measured apparent mass was taken as objective function, and the effect of fifteen human parameters on the objective function was analyzed through sensitivity analysis. Then seven parameters with a considerable influence on the objective function were selected as design variables, and four approximate models were established for parameter optimization. Soft tissues and joint parameters of the model were determined by parameter identification, and the finite element model that can reflect vertical in-line and fore-and-aft cross-axis apparent mass of the human body without backrest was developed. The seated human model presented in this paper can also reflect the transmissibility from seat to the first thoracic spine and the main modes of the human body below 10 Hz, which is conducive to express the human response to vibration.

开发与人体实际解剖结构相联系的生物力学模型有助于了解人体对振动的反应。基于Hybrid III假人模型，建立了身高175 cm、体重68.6 kg的坐姿人体有限元模型，由7个节段、6个关节和软组织组成，以反映表观质量。通过将体段质量百分比与以往数据进行比较，验证了该模型中质量分布的合理性。生物力学参数在生物动力学建模中起着至关重要的作用，而关节和软组织参数由于人体测量参数范围广泛而难以选择。在本研究中，计算的表观质量与测量的表观质量之间的均方根误差作为目标函数，并通过敏感性分析分析了十五个人体参数对目标函数的影响。然后选取对目标函数影响较大的7个参数作为设计变量，建立4个近似模型进行参数优化。通过参数辨识确定模型的软组织和关节参数，建立了能够反映无靠背人体垂直同轴和前后横轴表观质量的有限元模型。本文提出的坐姿人体模型还可以反映从座椅到第一胸椎的传递性以及10Hz以下人体的主要模式，有利于表达人体对振动的反应。