Prosper Lucas (1808–1885) is a unique figure in the history of psychiatric genetics. A physician-alienist, he authored one of the most important books on human genetics in the mid-19th century cited frequently by Darwin: the 1,500 page treatise—Philosophical and Physiological Treatise on Natural Heredity (1847–1850). This book contained a novel theory of the nature of inheritance and a detailed review of the heredity of a range of human traits and disorders, including various forms of insanity. Lucas postulated four forms of heredity (direct, crossed, indirect, and atavistic), supported the importance of hereditary factors in insanity, accepted the inheritance of acquired characteristics, considered it important to examine both ancestors and collateral relatives, and recognized that heredity could influence both primary insanity and insanity secondary to other medical conditions. He reviewed the then available literature on most major forms of insanity including separate sections on hallucinations and suicidal monomania. The literature consisted of case reports of unusual families with high concentrations of illness. Lucas advocated for the homogeneity of transmission of forms of illness in families but recognized that—just as the form of illness could evolve within individuals over time—it could change forms when transmitted between relatives.

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Prosper Lucas 和他 1850 年的“关于自然遗传的哲学和生理学论文”

Prosper Lucas (1808–1885) 是精神病学遗传学史上独一无二的人物。作为一名外星医生，他撰写了达尔文经常引用的 19 世纪中叶最重要的人类遗传学书籍之一：1,500 页的论文《自然遗传的哲学和生理学论文》（1847-1850 年）。这本书包含了一个关于遗传性质的新理论，并详细回顾了一系列人类特征和疾病的遗传，包括各种形式的精神错乱。卢卡斯假设了四种遗传形式（直接、交叉、间接和返祖），支持遗传因素在精神错乱中的重要性，接受后天特征的遗传，认为检查祖先和旁系亲属很重要，并认识到遗传会影响原发性精神错乱和继发于其他疾病的精神错乱。他回顾了当时可用的关于大多数主要精神错乱形式的文献，包括关于幻觉和自杀性偏执狂的单独章节。文献包括高发病率的不寻常家庭的病例报告。卢卡斯主张疾病在家庭中传播的同质性，但他承认——正如疾病的形式可以随着时间的推移在个体内部演变一样——它在亲属之间传播时可能会改变形式。文献包括高发病率的不寻常家庭的病例报告。卢卡斯主张疾病在家庭中传播的同质性，但他承认——正如疾病的形式可以随着时间的推移在个体内部演变一样——它在亲属之间传播时可能会改变形式。文献包括高发病率的不寻常家庭的病例报告。卢卡斯主张疾病在家庭中传播的同质性，但他承认——正如疾病的形式可以随着时间的推移在个体内部演变一样——它在亲属之间传播时可能会改变形式。