Eogenetic karst has been regarded as a dominant origin of hydrocarbon reservoirs, whereas quantifying the fluid-rock interactions and their impacts on porosity evolution during the palaeokarst process remain persistent challenges that limit the accuracy of reservoir quality prediction. This study investigates the dissolution of carbonate rocks with potential controlling factors by reactive transport modeling that couples fluid flow, mineral reactions and porosity changes in a one-dimensional vadose meteoric water-rock system. Simulation results of base case scenario and sensitivity analyses show that the duration of subaerial exposure and recharge capacity of rainwater significantly determine the karst-affected depth and porosity increment. The amount of calcite dissolution is also affected by a downward decrease in calcite solubility (temperature-dependent) and the enrichment of Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻ in the lower part. The atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has a minor impact on the vertical extent of karst, while it facilitates the dissolution rate under high pCO₂ conditions. The influence of atmospheric pCO₂ variation over geological time on the porosity increment was reconstructed under hydrogeological conditions of the base case scenario (exposure time = 130 ka; rainfall = 628 mm/a). The differences in the dissolution rates and extent of karst between limestone and dolostone can be interpreted as the results of different rate-determining reaction mechanisms, i.e., thermodynamically controlled calcite and kinetically controlled dolomite.

近生岩溶一直被认为是油气藏的主要来源，而量化古岩溶过程中流体-岩石相互作用及其对孔隙度演化的影响仍然是限制储层质量预测准确性的持续挑战。本研究通过将流体流动、矿物反应和孔隙度变化耦合在一维渗流大气水岩系统中的反应输运模型，研究具有潜在控制因素的碳酸盐岩的溶解。基础情景和敏感性分析的模拟结果表明，地面暴露时间和雨水补给能力显着决定了岩溶影响的深度和孔隙度增量。²⁺和 HCO ₃ ^-在下部。大气二氧化碳浓度对岩溶垂直范围的影响较小，但有利于高pCO ₂条件下的溶解速率。在基准情景的水文地质条件下（暴露时间= 130 ka；降雨量= 628 mm/a）重建了大气pCO ₂随地质时间变化对孔隙度增量的影响。石灰岩和白云岩溶蚀速率和岩溶范围的差异可以解释为不同速率决定反应机制的结果，即热力学控制的方解石和动力学控制的白云石。