Abstract—

Repeat oral administration of aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) nanoparticles for 10 days at a total dose of 21 895 mg/kg of body weight causes the death of 50% of individuals in the exposed group. At the same time, the death rate amounts to 25% when exposed to microparticles. Aluminum concentrations after exposure to nanomaterial are increased relative to the control levels by 4.40, 1.23, and 1.48 times in the brain, liver, and blood of exposed animals, respectively. For micromaterial, these indexes are higher by 3.59 and 1.82 times in the brain and blood, respectively. The aluminum concentration under exposure to a nanomaterial is 1.23 times higher in the brain and 1.41 times higher in the liver than under exposure to a micromaterial. When exposed to nanodispersed Al₂O₃, acute liver congestion, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, lymphoid hyperplasia, and an increase in white pulp up to 70% were observed. When exposed to microparticles, pathomorphological changes were found only in spleen tissues as lymphoid hyperplasia and an increase in white pulp up to 50%. Intratracheal instillation of nano- and microparticles of Al₂O₃ leads to injuries of alveolar macrophages. When exposed to nanoparticles, the proportion of injuries and their number are 2.50 and 8 times higher, respectively, and the injury diameter is 2.25 times smaller. A high rate of animal death, features of bioaccumulation, pathomorphological changes in organ tissues during oral exposure, and injuries of alveolar macrophages during intratracheal exposure to Al₂O₃ nanoparticles proves the greater degree of toxicity of the nanomaterial via alimentary intake compared to the microdispersed analog.

中文翻译：

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纳米级氧化铝——基于摄入量的生物积累和毒理学特征

摘要——

重复口服氧化铝 (Al ₂ O ₃ ) 纳米颗粒 10 天，总剂量为 21 895 mg/kg 体重，导致暴露组 50% 的个体死亡。同时，当暴露于微粒时，死亡率高达 25%。暴露于纳米材料后，暴露动物大脑、肝脏和血液中的铝浓度相对于对照水平分别增加了 4.40、1.23 和 1.48 倍。对于微物质，这些指标在大脑和血液中分别高出 3.59 和 1.82 倍。与暴露于微材料相比，暴露于纳米材料的铝浓度在大脑中高 1.23 倍，在肝脏中高 1.41 倍。当暴露于纳米分散的 Al _{2 时}O ₃，观察到急性肝充血、嗜酸性粒细胞性胃肠炎、淋巴组织增生和白髓增加达70%。当暴露于微粒时，仅在脾组织中发现病理形态变化，如淋巴样增生和白髓增加高达 50%。气管内滴注 Al ₂ O ₃纳米颗粒和微粒会导致肺泡巨噬细胞损伤。当暴露于纳米粒子时，损伤的比例和数量分别高出 2.50 和 8 倍，损伤直径小 2.25 倍。动物死亡率高、生物蓄积特征、口服暴露期间器官组织的病理形态学变化以及气管内暴露于铝时肺泡巨噬细胞的损伤与微分散的类似物相比，₂ O ₃纳米颗粒证明纳米材料通过食物摄入具有更大程度的毒性。