Ryanodine receptors (RyRs) are the targets of diamide insecticides, which have been identified and characterized in a dozen insect pests of Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera and Coleoptera, but limited attention has been paid to the RyR in parasitoid natural enemies. Without this knowledge, it will hinder our effective and efficient application using both parasitoid natural enemies and diamide insecticides simultaneously in the integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, the full-length cDNA of RyR was cloned from Encarsia formosa (EfRyR), a parasitic wasp used worldwide for the biological control of whitefly. Its expression profile was examined in various tissues of E. formosa adults. The toxicities of four diamide insecticides to E. formosa were measured, and then the expression profile of EfRyR after 12 h and 24 h exposure to the LC₅₀ dosages of diamide insecticides was investigated. The results showed that the full-length cDNA of EfRyR was 16, 778 bp including a 15, 345 bp open reading frame, and two alternative splice (AS) sites. Comparing to its expression in the abdomen, EfRyR was highly expressed in the head (11.9-fold) and the thorax (3.7-fold). The toxicities of four dimide insecticides against E. formosa from low to high were chlorantraniliprole (LC₅₀ = 367.84 mg L⁻¹), cyantraniliprole (221.72 mg L⁻¹), cyclaniliprole (51.77 mg L⁻¹), and tetrachlorantraniliprole (8.35 mg L⁻¹). The expressions of EfRyR and its variants with AS were significantly increased after E. formosa adults were exposed to different diamide insecticides. This study improves our understanding of the RyR in parasitoid wasps and provides useful information on IPM by using E. formosa.

Ryanodine 受体 (RyRs) 是二酰胺类杀虫剂的靶点，已在鳞翅目、半翅目、双翅目和鞘翅目等十几种害虫中得到鉴定和表征，但对寄生性天敌中的 RyR 的关注有限。如果没有这些知识，它将阻碍我们在综合虫害管理 (IPM) 中同时使用寄生天敌和二酰胺杀虫剂的有效和高效应用。在这项研究中，RyR的全长 cDNA是从Encarsia formosa ( EfRyR ) 中克隆的，EfRyR是一种世界范围内用于生物控制粉虱的寄生蜂。在E. formosa 的各种组织中检查了其表达谱成年人。测量了四种二酰胺杀虫剂对E. formosa的毒性，然后研究了暴露于 LC ₅₀剂量的二酰胺杀虫剂12 小时和 24 小时后EfRyR的表达谱。结果表明，EfRyR的全长 cDNA为 16, 778 bp，包括一个 15, 345 bp 的开放阅读框和两个可变剪接 (AS) 位点。与其在腹部的表达相比，EfRyR在头部（11.9 倍）和胸部（3.7 倍）中高度表达。的对四名dimide杀虫剂的毒性E.台塑由低到高分别为氯虫苯甲酰胺（LC ₅₀  = 367.84毫克的L ^-1)、氰虫酰胺 (221.72 mg L ^-1 )、环虫酰胺 (51.77 mg L ^-1 ) 和四氯虫酰胺(8.35 mg L ^-1 )。EfRyR及其变异体与AS的表达在E. formosa成虫暴露于不同的二酰胺杀虫剂后显着增加。这项研究提高了我们对寄生蜂中 RyR 的理解，并通过使用E. formosa提供了有关 IPM 的有用信息。