Activation of renal sensory nerves by chemo- and mechano-sensitive stimuli produces changes in efferent sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial blood pressure (ABP). Anesthesia and sex influence autonomic function and cardiovascular hemodynamics, but it is unclear to what extent anesthesia and sex impact SNA and ABP responses to renal sensory stimuli. We measured renal, splanchnic, and lumbar SNA and ABP in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats during contralateral renal infusion of capsaicin and bradykinin or during elevation in renal pelvic pressure. Responses were evaluated using a decerebrate preparation, Inactin, urethane, or isoflurane anesthesia. Intra-renal arterial infusion of capsaicin (0.1 μM - 30.0 μM) increased renal SNA, splanchnic SNA, and ABP but decreased lumbar SNA in the Inactin group. Intra-renal arterial infusion of bradykinin (0.1 μM - 30.0 μM) increased renal SNA, splanchnic SNA, and ABP but decreased lumbar SNA in the Inactin group. Elevated renal pelvic pressure (0 - 20 mmHg, 30s) significantly increased renal SNA and splanchnic SNA but not lumbar SNA in the Inactin group. In marked contrast, SNA and ABP responses to every renal stimulus was severely blunted in the urethane or decerebrate groups and absent in the isoflurane groups. In the Inactin group, the magnitude of SNA responses to chemo- and mechano-sensory stimuli were not different between male versus female rats. Thus, chemo- and mechano-sensitive stimuli produce differential changes in renal, splanchnic, and lumbar SNA. Experimentally, future investigations should consider Inactin anesthesia to examine sympathetic and hemodynamic responses to renal sensory stimuli.

中文翻译：

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麻醉和性别对肾脏化学和机械敏感刺激的交感神经传出和血流动力学反应的影响

通过化学和机械敏感刺激激活肾脏感觉神经会导致传出交感神经活动 (SNA) 和动脉血压 (ABP) 发生变化。麻醉和性别影响自主神经功能和心血管血流动力学，但尚不清楚麻醉和性别在多大程度上影响 SNA 和 ABP 对肾脏感觉刺激的反应。我们测量了雄性和雌性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠在对侧肾脏输注辣椒素和缓激肽期间或肾盂压力升高期间的肾脏、内脏和腰椎 SNA 和 ABP。使用去大脑制剂、Inactin、氨基甲酸乙酯或异氟醚麻醉评估反应。在 Inactin 组中，肾内动脉输注辣椒素 (0.1 μM - 30.0 μM) 增加了肾脏 SNA、内脏 SNA 和 ABP，但降低了腰椎 SNA。Inactin 组肾内动脉灌注缓激肽 (0.1 μM - 30.0 μM) 可增加肾脏 SNA、内脏 SNA 和 ABP，但降低腰椎 SNA。Inactin 组肾盆腔压力升高（0-20 mmHg，30 秒）显着增加肾 SNA 和内脏 SNA，但不增加腰椎 SNA。与此形成鲜明对比的是，在氨基甲酸乙酯或去大脑组中，对每种肾脏刺激的 SNA 和 ABP 反应严重减弱，而在异氟醚组中则不存在。在 Inactin 组中，SNA 对化学和机械感觉刺激的反应幅度在雄性大鼠和雌性大鼠之间没有差异。因此，化学和机械敏感刺激会在肾脏、内脏和腰椎 SNA 中产生不同的变化。实验上，