Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) in patients with bronchiectasis (BE) is associated with a poor outcome and quality of life, and its presence is considered a marker of disease severity. This opportunistic pathogen is known for its ability to produce biofilms on biotic or abiotic surfaces and to survive environmental stress exerted by antimicrobials, inflammation, and nutrient or oxygen depletion. The presence of PA biofilms has been linked to chronic respiratory infection in cystic fibrosis but not in BE. There is considerable inconsistency in the reported infection/eradication rates of PA and chronic PA. In addition, inadequate antimicrobial treatment may potentiate the progression from intermittent to chronic infection and also the emergence of antibiotic resistance. A better comprehension of the pathophysiology of PA infections and its implications for BE is urgently needed. This can drive improvements in diagnostic accuracy, can move us toward a new consensus definition of chronic infection, can better define the follow-up of patients at risk of PA, and can achieve more successful eradication rates. In addition, the new technological advances regarding molecular diagnostics, -omics, and biomarkers require us to reconsider our traditional concepts.

铜绿假单胞菌支气管扩张症 (BE) 患者的 (PA) 与较差的结果和生活质量相关，其存在被认为是疾病严重程度的标志。这种机会性病原体以其在生物或非生物表面上产生生物膜以及在抗菌剂、炎症和营养或氧气消耗所施加的环境压力下生存的能力而闻名。PA 生物膜的存在与囊性纤维化的慢性呼吸道感染有关，但与 BE 无关。报告的 PA 和慢性 PA 的感染/根除率存在相当大的不一致。此外，不充分的抗菌治疗可能会加速从间歇性感染到慢性感染的进展，以及抗生素耐药性的出现。迫切需要更好地理解 PA 感染的病理生理学及其对 BE 的影响。这可以推动诊断准确性的提高，可以推动我们对慢性感染的新共识定义，可以更好地定义有 PA 风险的患者的随访，并可以实现更成功的根除率。此外，关于分子诊断、组学和生物标志物的新技术进步要求我们重新考虑我们的传统概念。