Bronchiectasis is a heterogenous disease with multiple etiologies and associated comorbidities. As bronchiectasis is a complex disease, it is unsound to think of it as a single disease particularly when the differing etiologies are likely to be driving bronchiectasis through initial divergent molecular pathways, known as endotypes, that phenotypically present as the same disease due to protracted airway inflammation, but revealing potential differing underlying mechanisms that may have disparity of drug responses. Improved understanding of the cellular immune, inflammatory, and microbiological milieu associated with clinical and radiological features of bronchiectasis has resulted in the recognition of important endotypes and phenotypes that will allow for personalized treatments to improve quality of life and outcomes of patients with bronchiectasis. Here we discuss clinical and radiological phenotypes, as well as emerging molecular endotypes that are possible treatable traits in bronchiectasis.

支气管扩张是一种具有多种病因和相关合并症的异源性疾病。由于支气管扩张是一种复杂的疾病，因此将其视为一种单一疾病是不合理的，特别是当不同的病因很可能通过最初的不同分子途径（称为内型）驱动支气管扩张时，由于气道延长而在表型上表现为相同的疾病炎症，但揭示了可能存在药物反应差异的潜在不同潜在机制。提高对细胞免疫、炎症、与支气管扩张的临床和放射学特征相关的微生物环境已导致对重要的内型和表型的认识，这将允许个性化治疗以改善支气管扩张患者的生活质量和结果。在这里，我们讨论临床和放射学表型，以及可能在支气管扩张中可治疗的特征的新兴分子内型。