Objectives Theoretical and empirical evidence suggests the existence of a general perceived stress factor overarching different life domains. The present study investigated the general perceived stress relative to domain-specific perceived stress as predictors of 26 diverse health outcomes, including mental and physical health, health behaviors, cognitive functioning, and physiological indicators of health. Method A bifactor exploratory structural equational modeling approach was adopted in 2 aging samples from the Health and Retirement Study (N = 8,325 in Sample 1 and N = 7,408 in Sample 2). Results Across the 2 samples, perceived stress was well represented by a bifactor structure where there was a robust general perceived stress factor representing a general propensity towards stress perception. Meanwhile, after controlling for the general perceived stress factor, specific factors that represent perceived stress in different life domains were still clearly present. Results also suggested age, sex, race, education, personality traits, and past and recent stressor exposure as possible factors underlying individual differences in the general perceived stress factor. The general perceived stress factor was the most robust predictor of the majority of health outcomes, as well as changes in mental health outcomes. The specific factor of perceived neighborhood stress demonstrated incremental predictive effects across different types of health outcomes. Discussion The current study provides strong evidence for the existence of a general perceived stress factor that captures variance shared among stress across life domains, and the general perceived stress factor demonstrated substantial prospective predictive effects on diverse health outcomes in older adulthood.

中文翻译：

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一般和特定领域感知压力在健康老龄化中的作用

目标 理论和经验证据表明存在一种普遍的感知压力因素，涵盖不同的生活领域。本研究调查了相对于特定领域感知压力的一般感知压力作为 26 种不同健康结果的预测因子，包括心理和身体健康、健康行为、认知功能和健康的生理指标。方法 健康与退休研究中的 2 个老化样本（样本 1 中的 N = 8,325 和样本 2 中的 N = 7,408）采​​用双因子探索性结构方程建模方法。结果 在 2 个样本中，感知压力由双因子结构很好地表示，其中存在一个稳健的一般感知压力因子，代表对压力感知的一般倾向。同时，在控制了一般感知压力因素后，代表不同生活领域感知压力的特定因素仍然明显存在。结果还表明，年龄、性别、种族、教育、人格特征以及过去和最近的压力源暴露可能是一般感知压力因素中个体差异的潜在因素。普遍感知的压力因素是大多数健康结果以及心理健康结果变化的最有力预测因素。感知邻里压力的具体因素在不同类型的健康结果中表现出递增的预测作用。讨论 目前的研究提供了强有力的证据，证明存在普遍感知的压力因素，该因素可以捕捉生活领域压力之间共享的差异，