Bathing or showering is one of the main pathways of water consumption. The shower head, as an important part of our bathing facilities, is directly related to water saving and bathing satisfaction. To design a water-saving and comfortable shower, it is extremely important to know its likely outflow parameters .In the resent research, the shower head structure and the water jet characteristics, and the Lagrangian control volume (CV) element integration method is used to establish a theoretical model describing the motion of the jet from the spray-holes of a shower head. The model also includes a method of calculation of the spraying force, considering the velocity distribution over the jet cross-section. The model can be used to predict jet parameters, spraying force, water temperature drop, and sprayed water volume distribution. To validate the predictions,experiments are conducted to measure the spraying force, temperature drop, and sprayed water volume distribution for the shower head. Comparisons between experiments and predictions show that the prediction accuracy of the model is satisfactory and the model can be adopted to evaluate the performance of the shower head. In addition, using the model, the salient jet parameters for the spraying hole are also simulated, and the influences of the flow rate and the size of the spraying hole on the motion of the jet can be assessed. These results guide research and development into water-conservation, energy-conservation, and comfort when showering.

洗澡或淋浴是用水的主要途径之一。花洒作为我们洗浴设施的重要组成部分，直接关系到节水和洗浴满意度。设计一个节水、舒适的花洒，了解其可能的出水参数是极其重要的。在最近的研究中，花洒头结构和水射流特性，以及拉格朗日控制容积（CV）元积分方法被用于建立一个理论模型，描述来自淋浴喷头喷孔的射流运动。该模型还包括一种计算喷射力的方法，考虑了射流截面上的速度分布。该模型可用于预测射流参数、喷射力、水温下降和喷射水量分布。为了验证预测，进行了实验来测量淋浴头的喷射力、温度下降和喷射水量分布。实验与预测结果对比表明，该模型的预测精度令人满意，可用于评估花洒头的性能。此外，利用该模型还对喷孔的突出射流参数进行了模拟，可以评估流量和喷孔大小对射流运动的影响。这些结果指导了在节水、节能和淋浴时的舒适性方面的研究和开发。实验与预测结果对比表明，该模型的预测精度令人满意，可用于评估花洒头的性能。此外，利用该模型还对喷孔的突出射流参数进行了模拟，可以评估流量和喷孔大小对射流运动的影响。这些结果指导了在节水、节能和淋浴时的舒适性方面的研究和开发。实验与预测结果对比表明，该模型的预测精度令人满意，可用于评估花洒头的性能。此外，利用该模型还对喷孔的突出射流参数进行了模拟，可以评估流量和喷孔大小对射流运动的影响。这些结果指导了在节水、节能和淋浴时的舒适性方面的研究和开发。并且可以评估流量和喷孔大小对射流运动的影响。这些结果指导了在节水、节能和淋浴时的舒适性方面的研究和开发。并且可以评估流量和喷孔大小对射流运动的影响。这些结果指导了在节水、节能和淋浴时的舒适性方面的研究和开发。