Preventive and corrective maintenance of the different components of rolling stock is mandatory to guarantee the safety of passengers and workers when using rail transport. Although different studies and models of degradation have been developed, the actual effect of rolling stock component defects in the infrastructure is not totally clear. From the different components of rolling stock, failures of elements of the running gear are more likely to cause track deterioration due to more severe wear wheel-rail interactions, producing undesirable effects on the infrastructure that can end in derailments.

The aim of this paper is both to analyse through a failure modes and criticality analysis (FMECA) the different failure modes of the running gear and their effect on rail infrastructure and to analyse the prioritisation based on their criticality in order to give some insights into which components should receive special attention in maintenance procedures. Failures based on maintenance registers of passenger vehicles of railway companies involved in the Assets4Rail project were analysed. Results showed that defects related to wheels such as cracks, the movement of the wheel in the axle seat, failure of the axlebox bearing, or damage of the bogie frame are some of the failures with more severe consequences.

必须对机车车辆的不同部件进行预防性和纠正性维护，以确保使用铁路运输时乘客和工人的安全。尽管已经开发了不同的退化研究和模型，但基础设施中机车车辆部件缺陷的实际影响并不完全清楚。从机车车辆的不同部件来看，由于更严重的磨损轮轨相互作用，运行装置元件的故障更有可能导致轨道恶化，对基础设施产生不良影响，最终可能导致脱轨。

本文的目的是通过故障模式和临界性分析 (FMECA) 分析运行装置的不同故障模式及其对铁路基础设施的影响，并根据其临界性分析优先级，以便深入了解哪些故障在维护程序中应特别注意组件。基于参与 Assets4Rail 项目的铁路公司客车维修登记表分析了故障。结果表明，与车轮有关的缺陷，如裂纹、车轮在轴座中的移动、轴箱轴承故障或转向架框架损坏等，是一些后果更为严重的故障。