The urgent requirement of materials with superior electromagnetic shielding properties has been aroused for alleviating electromagnetic pollution. Now, some natural materials such as silkworm cocoon, walnut shell, and so on are gradually used to prepare the electromagnetic interference shielding composites. However, loofah sponges with unique and inherent 3D hierarchical porous structure, which could be obtained from food waste and the wilted loofah, are ignored. In this work, loofah sponges were modified by NaOH and H₂O₂. Then the carbonized modified Loofah/Ni nanoparticles/Graphene composites were prepared by immersion and thermal reduction. Meanwhile, the composites had inherited advantages from natural materials such as low density, porous structure and eco-friendly. As the result of loading of Ni nanoparticles and graphene on the loofah, the outstanding performance was achieved that the shielding effectiveness was raised to 57 dB, and the specific shielding effectiveness was raised to 616.8 dB cm³/g. This result demonstrated that composites materials based on natural loofah sponges show tremendous potential for electromagnetic shielding.

为了减轻电磁污染，迫切需要具有优异电磁屏蔽性能的材料。目前，蚕茧、核桃壳等天然材料逐渐被用于制备电磁干扰屏蔽复合材料。然而，具有独特和固有的 3D 分层多孔结构的丝瓜络海绵，可以从食物垃圾和枯萎的丝瓜络中获得，却被忽略了。在这项工作中，丝瓜络用 NaOH 和 H ₂ O ₂改性. 然后通过浸渍和热还原制备碳化改性丝瓜络/Ni纳米颗粒/石墨烯复合材料。同时，复合材料继承了天然材料的低密度、多孔结构和环保等优点。由于在丝瓜络上负载Ni纳米颗粒和石墨烯，实现了屏蔽效能提高到57 dB，比屏蔽效能达到616.8 dB cm ³ /g的优异性能。这一结果表明，基于天然丝瓜络海绵的复合材料显示出巨大的电磁屏蔽潜力。