Brazil, a key mining producer globally, has a comprehensive system of environmental laws and institutions. Nevertheless, their effectiveness has been questioned. We examined the perception of regulatory effectiveness of the environmental licensing process for mining from a range of actors involved in these processes in Brazil. Firstly, we found that in line with past research, participants characterized the environmental licensing system as being beset by administrative and legal complexity, a lack of systematization of these processes, and insufficient resources being devoted to enforcement. The workload of environmental agency officers was also noted as a problem as was political influence. In addition, informants raised concerns around environmental agency officers being personally liable for environmental crimes. Furthermore, although interviewees noted that public hearings, environmental impact documents and having the Public Prosecutor's Office (PPO) as a resource were useful state-led ways to mitigate environmental risks from mining, they highlighted longstanding issues around the effectiveness of the hearings and the quality and quantity of the environmental impact documents. These findings are important because despite having comprehensive environmental laws and institutions in place for decades including the presence of a dedicated actor – the PPO – past problems with environmental regulation of mining in Brazil continue.

巴西是全球主要的矿业生产国，拥有完善的环境法律和制度体系。然而，它们的有效性受到了质疑。我们研究了巴西参与这些流程的一系列参与者对采矿环境许可流程监管有效性的看法。首先，我们发现与以往的研究一致，参与者认为环境许可制度受到行政和法律复杂性的困扰，这些过程缺乏系统化，用于执法的资源不足。环境机构官员的工作量和政治影响也被认为是一个问题。此外，线人对环境机构官员对环境犯罪负有个人责任表示担忧。此外，尽管受访者指出，公开听证会、环境影响文件和以公共检察官办公室 (PPO) 作为资源是减轻采矿环境风险的有用的国家主导方式，但他们强调了围绕听证会有效性以及质量和数量的长期存在的问题环境影响文件。这些发现很重要，因为尽管几十年来制定了全面的环境法律和机构，包括有一个专门的参与者——PPO——但巴西采矿业的环境监管问题仍然存在。他们强调了围绕听证会的有效性以及环境影响文件的质量和数量存在的长期问题。这些发现很重要，因为尽管几十年来制定了全面的环境法律和机构，包括有一个专门的参与者——PPO——过去巴西采矿业的环境监管问题仍在继续。他们强调了围绕听证会的有效性以及环境影响文件的质量和数量存在的长期问题。这些发现很重要，因为尽管几十年来制定了全面的环境法律和机构，包括有一个专门的参与者——PPO——过去巴西采矿业的环境监管问题仍在继续。