Wax deposition is a challenge in crude oil transportation. Wax deposition is affected by many factors, including cooling rate and wax concentration. However, the effect of shear rate on wax appearance temperature (WAT) is less studied, so an investigation of a model waxy oil system, mineral oil and paraffin wax, was undertaken. Wax appearance temperature was depressed by different extents by increasing shear rate, increasing cooling rate, and decreasing wax concentration. Corroborating other studies, wax concentration significantly affected WAT. Changing concentration from 5 to 50 wt% resulted in ~ 20 °C increase in WAT. Two types of rheological measurements were completed for determining WAT under shear, either a temperature ramp or isothermal steps. Both techniques found WAT within 1 °C of the other. Overall, shear rate has a small, quantifiable effect on WAT of ~ 2 °C when changing from 1 to 1000 s⁻¹ at the same cooling rate. Similarly, a decrease in cooling rate from 10 to 0.2 °C/min under 100 s⁻¹ shear increased WAT ~ 4 °C. In addition, yield stress decreased from 416 to 8 Pa with increasing shear upon wax formation from 0 to 1000 s⁻¹. Increasing cooling rate from 0.2 to 5 °C/min increased yield stress from 5 to 505 Pa when formed at 10 s⁻¹. Wax appearance studies using rheology were corroborated by static techniques, including calorimetry and phase behavior. Overall, adding shear rate to the phase diagrams of waxy oils could help the industry address their flow assurance needs.

蜡沉积是原油运输中的一个挑战。蜡沉积受许多因素影响，包括冷却速度和蜡浓度。然而，剪切速率对蜡出现温度 (WAT) 的影响研究较少，因此对模型蜡油系统、矿物油和石蜡进行了研究。通过增加剪切速率、增加冷却速率和降低蜡浓度，蜡外观温度不同程度地降低。证实其他研究，蜡浓度显着影响 WAT。将浓度从 5 重量％更改为 50 重量％会导致 WAT 增加约 20°C。完成了两种类型的流变测量，用于确定剪切下的 WAT，温度斜坡或等温步骤。两种技术都发现 WAT 与另一种技术相差 1 °C。总体而言，剪切速率具有较小的、^-1在相同的冷却速率下。类似地，在 100 s ^-1剪切下冷却速率从 10 ℃/min 降低到 0.2 ℃/min 会增加 WAT ~ 4 ℃。此外，随着蜡形成时间从 0 到 1000 s ^{-1 的}剪切增加，屈服应力从 416 Pa 降低到 8 Pa 。当在 10 s ^-1形成时，将冷却速率从 0.2 增加到 5 °C/min 将屈服应力从 5 Pa 增加到 505 Pa 。使用流变学进行的蜡外观研究得到了静态技术的证实，包括量热法和相行为。总体而言，将剪切速率添加到蜡质油的相图中可以帮助行业解决其流动保证需求。