A rapidly growing body of literature has explored associations between urban design attributes, which are conducive to walking, and social capital. The current study aimed to build on the limitations of previous research. Specifically, this study estimated the associations between traditional and novel walkable built environment metrics and social capital among a sample of adults in Japan. Data (n = 1010) from a randomly selected cross-section of residents (40–69 years old) from two areas in Japan were included. Social capital was assessed by questionnaires. Several objective and perceived walkable built environment attributes were calculated. Covariate-adjusted multivariable linear regression models were used to estimate associations between neighborhood built attributes and the three social capital scores. Street connectivity was negatively associated with activities with neighbors (b = -0.21, 95% CI -0.31, -0.11). Perceived population density was negatively associated with all three social capital scores, including social cohesion, activities with neighbors, and social participation (b = -0.21, 95% CI -0.30, -0.11, b = -0.15, 95% CI -0.24, -0.06, and b = -0.16, 95% CI -0.29, -0.02, respectively). Traditional walkability and Walk Score® were negatively associated with activities with neighbors (b = -0.04, 95% CI -0.07, -0.00 and b = -0.09, 95% CI -0.15, -0.04, respectively). No significant associations were observed between perceived walkability and social capital scores. Space syntax walkability was negatively associated with social cohesion and activities with neighbors (b = -0.12, 95% CI -0.23, -0.01 and b = -0.11, 95% CI -0.21, -0.01, respectively). This study provided unique findings demonstrating that walkable built environments may not necessarily support social capital in ultrahigh-density Asian cities.

越来越多的文献探讨了有利于步行的城市设计属性与社会资本之间的关联。目前的研究旨在建立在先前研究的局限性的基础上。具体而言，本研究评估了日本成年人样本中传统和新颖的可步行建筑环境指标与社会资本之间的关联。包括来自日本两个地区的随机选择的居民（40-69 岁）横截面的数据（n = 1010）。社会资本通过问卷评估。计算了几个客观的和感知的可步行的建筑环境属性。协变量调整的多变量线性回归模型被用来估计邻里建成属性和三个社会资本分数之间的关联。b  = -0.21, 95% CI -0.31, -0.11)。感知人口密度与所有三个社会资本得分呈负相关，包括社会凝聚力、与邻居的活动和社会参与（b  = -0.21, 95% CI -0.30, -0.11, b  = -0.15, 95% CI -0.24, -0.06, 和b  = -0.16, 95% CI 分别为 -0.29, -0.02)。传统的步行能力和步行评分®与邻居的活动呈负相关（分别为b  = -0.04, 95% CI -0.07, -0.00 和b  = -0.09, 95% CI -0.15, -0.04）。在感知步行能力和社会资本得分之间没有观察到显着关联。空间句法步行性与社会凝聚力和与邻居的活动呈负相关（b  = -0.12, 95% CI -0.23, -0.01 和b  = -0.11, 95% CI -0.21, -0.01）。这项研究提供了独特的发现，表明适合步行的建筑环境可能不一定支持超高密度亚洲城市的社会资本。