Three types of carbon nanoparticles, namely layered graphene (GN), tubular carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and spherical carbon black (CB), were applied in the intumescent fire-retardant coatings. The influence of carbon nanoparticle geometry on the fire-resistant and anti-aging properties of the intumescent coatings was investigated. The fire protection and smoke density tests show that both spherical CB and tubular CNTs can effectively improve the fire resistance and smoke suppression properties of the coatings, which is attributed to the fact that the addition of either CB or CNTs can promote the swelling process of coating and produce a positive effect on improving the compactness and thickness of char residues. Especially, the coating containing 0.1 wt% CB acquires the lowest flame spread rating (FSR) value of 6.5, smoke density rating (SDR) value of 17.6%, and equilibrium backside temperature of 169.2°C at 900 seconds, showing superior fire resistance and smoke suppression performance. However, the layered GN shows a negative effect on the fire resistance and smoke suppression properties of the coating, which is ascribed to the fact that GN platelets inhibit the intumescent process of coating, resulting in the decrease of barrier effect. The results of accelerated aging test show that the incorporation of either CNTs or CB can weaken the blistering and powdering phenomenon, thus imparting superior durability of integrity and fire resistance to the intumescent coatings.

中文翻译：

---

碳纳米粒子几何形状对膨胀型阻燃涂料耐火和抗老化性能的影响

三种类型的碳纳米颗粒，即层状石墨烯（GN）、管状碳纳米管（CNTs）和球形炭黑（CB），被应用于膨胀型阻燃涂料。研究了碳纳米粒子几何形状对膨胀型涂料的耐火和抗老化性能的影响。防火和烟密度测试表明，球形炭黑和管状碳纳米管均能有效提高涂层的耐火抑烟性能，这归因于炭黑或炭黑的添加均能促进涂层的溶胀过程。并对改善残炭的致密性和厚度产生积极作用。特别是，含 0.1 wt% CB 的涂层获得的最低火焰蔓延等级 (FSR) 值为 6.5，烟雾密度等级 (SDR) 值为 17.6%，900 秒时的平衡背面温度为 169.2°C，显示出卓越的防火和抑烟性能。然而，层状GN对涂层的耐火抑烟性能有负面影响，这是由于GN小片抑制了涂层的膨胀过程，导致阻隔效果降低。加速老化试验的结果表明，CNTs或CB的加入可以减弱起泡和粉化现象，从而赋予膨胀型涂料优异的完整性和耐火性耐久性。层状GN对涂层的耐火抑烟性能有负面影响，这是由于GN小片抑制了涂层的膨胀过程，导致阻隔效果降低。加速老化试验的结果表明，CNTs或CB的加入可以减弱起泡和粉化现象，从而赋予膨胀型涂料优异的完整性和耐火性耐久性。层状GN对涂层的耐火抑烟性能有负面影响，这是由于GN小片抑制了涂层的膨胀过程，导致阻隔效果降低。加速老化试验的结果表明，CNTs或CB的加入可以减弱起泡和粉化现象，从而赋予膨胀型涂料优异的完整性和耐火性耐久性。