Archival records and historical documents offer direct observation of weather and atmospheric conditions and have the highest temporal and spatial resolution, and precise dating, of the available climate proxies. They also provide information about variables such as temperature, precipitation and climate extremes, as well as floods, droughts and storms. The present work studied Arab-Islamic documentary sources covering the western Mediterranean region (documents written by Arab-Islamic historians that narrate social, political and religious history) available for the period AD 680–1815. They mostly provide information on hydrometeorological events. In Iberia the most intense droughts were reported during AD 747–753, AD 814–822, AD 846–847, AD 867–874 and AD 914–915 and in the Maghreb AD 867–873, AD 898–915, AD 1104–1147, AD 1280–1340 and AD 1720–1815 had prevalent drought conditions. Intense rain episodes are also reported.

档案记录和历史文件提供对天气和大气条件的直接观察，并具有可用气候代理的最高时空分辨率和精确年代。它们还提供有关温度、降水和气候极端事件以及洪水、干旱和风暴等变量的信息。目前的工作研究了涵盖西地中海地区的阿拉伯伊斯兰文献资料（由阿拉伯伊斯兰历史学家撰写的叙述社会、政治和宗教历史的文件），可用于公元 680 年至 1815 年期间。它们主要提供有关水文气象事件的信息。在伊比利亚，最严重的干旱发生在公元 747-753 年、公元 814-822 年、公元 846-847 年、公元 867-874 年和公元 914-915 年以及马格里布公元 867-873、公元 898-915 年、公元 1104- 1147, 公元 1280-1340 年和公元 1720-1815 年普遍干旱。还报告了强降雨事件。