Botany, Ahead of Print.
Phenological responses of plants to temperature dynamics are receiving attention due to the ongoing challenge with climate change. Most previous phenological studies have focused on flowering phenology rather than fruiting phenology. However, at mid-latitudes, the air temperature periodically changes during the growing period of plants. Hence, cool temperatures early and late in the growing period may affect reproductive success through pollination and fruit-development processes. To evaluate the linkages between reproductive phenology and success, we compared the phenologies, photosynthetic capacities, and fruit-set rates among 25 species within a cool-temperate community in northern Japan. The ambient temperature during the flowering periods of individual species increased with delays in flowering-onset time, whereas the ambient temperature during fruit-development periods was highest for species which bloomed in July. Fruit-set success among species was positively correlated with the ambient temperatures during the reproductive periods and with the photosynthetic capacity. Fruit production of early blooming species was limited by cool temperatures during the flowering period, presumably because of low pollinator activity, whereas that of late-blooming species was limited by cool temperatures during the fruit-development period because of slow fruit-development (i.e., sink limitation). Thus, limiting factors of fruit production varied depending on the flowering phenology of individual species within a community.

中文翻译：

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气温的季节性变化驱动了寒温带泥沼群落中虫媒植物的繁殖物候

植物学，超前印刷。
由于气候变化的持续挑战，植物对温度动态的物候响应正受到关注。大多数以前的物候研究都集中在开花物候而不是结果物候上。然而，在中纬度地区，气温在植物生长期间会发生周期性变化。因此，生长期早期和晚期的低温可能会通过授粉和果实发育过程影响繁殖成功。为了评估繁殖物候与成功之间的联系，我们比较了日本北部冷温带群落中 25 个物种的物候、光合能力和坐果率。个别物种开花期的环境温度随着开花时间的延迟而升高，而果实发育期的环境温度对于 7 月开花的物种来说最高。物种间坐果成功率与繁殖期的环境温度和光合能力呈正相关。早花品种的果实产量受到开花期低温的限制，大概是因为传粉媒介活动低，而晚花品种的果实产量受到果实发育期低温的限制，因为果实发育缓慢（即，水槽限制）。因此，水果生产的限制因素因群落内单个物种的开花物候而异。物种间坐果成功率与繁殖期的环境温度和光合能力呈正相关。早花品种的果实产量受到开花期低温的限制，大概是因为传粉媒介活动低，而晚花品种的果实产量受到果实发育期低温的限制，因为果实发育缓慢（即，水槽限制）。因此，水果生产的限制因素因群落内单个物种的开花物候而异。物种间坐果成功率与繁殖期的环境温度和光合能力呈正相关。早花品种的果实产量受到开花期低温的限制，大概是因为传粉媒介活动低，而晚花品种的果实产量受到果实发育期低温的限制，因为果实发育缓慢（即，水槽限制）。因此，水果生产的限制因素因群落内单个物种的开花物候而异。而晚花品种由于果实发育缓慢（即水槽限制），在果实发育期受到低温的限制。因此，水果生产的限制因素因群落内单个物种的开花物候而异。而晚花品种由于果实发育缓慢（即水槽限制），在果实发育期受到低温的限制。因此，水果生产的限制因素因群落内单个物种的开花物候而异。