Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) comprises about 15% of all lung cancers. It is an aggressive disease, with early metastasis and a poor prognosis. Until recently, SCLC treatment remained relatively unchanged, with chemotherapy remaining the cornerstone of treatment. In this overview we will highlight the recent advances in the field of staging, surgery, radiotherapy and systemic treatment. Nevertheless, the prognosis remains dismal and there is a pressing need for new treatment options. We describe the progress that has been made in systemic treatment by repurposing existing drugs and the addition of targeted treatment. In recent years, immunotherapy entered the clinic with high expectations of its role in the treatment of SCLC. Unravelling of the genomic sequence revealed new possible targets that may act as biomarkers in future treatment of patients with SCLC. Hopefully, in the near future, we will be able to identify patients who may benefit from targeted therapy or immunotherapy to improve prognoses.

小细胞肺癌 (SCLC) 约占所有肺癌的 15%。它是一种侵袭性疾病，具有早期转移和预后不良的特点。直到最近，SCLC 治疗仍相对没有变化，化疗仍然是治疗的基石。在本概述中，我们将重点介绍分期、手术、放疗和全身治疗领域的最新进展。然而，预后仍然令人沮丧，迫切需要新的治疗方案。我们描述了通过重新利用现有药物和增加靶向治疗在全身治疗方面取得的进展。近年来，免疫疗法进入临床，其在SCLC治疗中的作用被寄予厚望。基因组序列的解开揭示了新的可能靶标，这些靶标可能作为 SCLC 患者未来治疗的生物标志物。希望在不久的将来，我们将能够识别出可能受益于靶向治疗或免疫治疗以改善预后的患者。