Routing is an extremely challenging phenomenon because of its non-deterministic mobility behavior, power energy and high velocity of automobiles. These kinds of system are self-dependent and they are interconnected through internet within its infrastructure. The key features such as multi-hop paths, node mobility, huge network, device heterogeneity, congestion and bandwidth are the constraints in designing the routing protocols for VANET. In this paper we focused on areas such as broadcasting and routing, security, quality of service (QoS) and infotainment with information dissemination during emergencies and also presented a detailed review of wireless standards used in VANET. Here, the routing protocols that have been deployed are used to test the VANET accuracy and performance. In this paper, we have brought some characteristics as well as performance analysis of the proposed Swarm-Intelligence based routing protocols and compare them with the well-known ad hoc routing protocols. The study also shows how this approach has significantly improved the performance of the ad hoc networks.

路由是一种极具挑战性的现象，因为它具有非确定性的移动行为、动力能量和汽车的高速度。这些类型的系统是自我依赖的，它们在其基础设施内通过互联网互连。多跳路径、节点移动性、庞大网络、设备异构、拥塞和带宽等关键特性是设计 VANET 路由协议的约束条件。在本文中，我们重点关注广播和路由、安全、服务质量 (QoS) 和信息娱乐以及紧急情况下的信息传播等领域，还详细介绍了 VANET 中使用的无线标准。这里使用已经部署的路由协议来测试VANET的准确性和性能。在本文中，我们带来了所提出的基于 Swarm-Intelligence 的路由协议的一些特性和性能分析，并将它们与众所周知的 ad hoc 路由协议进行了比较。该研究还显示了这种方法如何显着提高了自组织网络的性能。