ABSTRACT

Implementation intention is a kind of behaviour choice strategy in which individuals adopt specific and definite behaviour patterns to achieve behavioural goals. The standard form is ‘if something happens, then I will do something’. Previous studies have shown that implementation intention strategy is a fast and effective mental skill with notable advantages. However, adding the requirement of ‘deliberate’ to the implementation plan will increase the probability of decision adjustment to a certain extent. In this study, the classic Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART) was selected as the evaluation index of risk decision-making, and the ‘deliberate’ implementation intention was adopted to explore the impact of this behavioural strategy on risk selection. The recruited medical students were divided into two groups: the implementation intention group (n = 37) and the control group (n = 34). The baseline assessment for the BART was performed by all participants, and the intensive training of ‘deliberate’ implementation intention to ‘make as much money as possible’ was conducted before the post-test decision-making after one week. The adjusted BART (adj BART) value and AvgIncome were significantly higher than those at baseline in the implementation intention group(adj BART value: baseline 12.63 ± 2.90, post-test: 14.78 ± 2.66, F = 15.978, p < 0.001, η ² = 0.307; AvgIncome: baseline 12.43 ± 2.56, post-test 15.00 ± 2.57, F = 20.953, p < 0.001, η ² = 0.368). The mixed-model ANOVAs showed that there was a significant interaction between test time and group (adj BART value: F = 4.859, p = 0.031, η ² = 0.066; AvgIncome: F = 4.261, p = 0.043, η ² = 0.058). Conclusion: The implementation of ‘deliberate’ intention can help medical students make more rational judgements in risk decision-making tasks, avoid over conservative behaviour and obtain more benefits.

摘要

执行意图是一种行为选择策略，个体采取特定的、确定的行为模式来实现行为目标。标准形式是“如果发生什么事，那么我会做某事”。以往的研究表明，实施意图策略是一种快速有效的心理技能，具有显着优势。但是，在实施计划中加入“慎重”的要求，会在一定程度上增加决策调整的概率。本研究选取经典的气球类比风险任务（BART）作为风险决策的评价指标，采用“刻意”的执行意图来探究该行为策略对风险选择的影响。招收的医学生分为两组：执行意向组（n = 37）和控制组（n = 34）。BART的基线评估由所有参与者进行，并在一周后的测试后决策之前进行“故意”实施意图“尽可能多地赚钱”的强化培训。实施意向组调整后的 BART (adj BART) 值和 AvgIncome 显着高于基线（调整 BART 值：基线 12.63 ± 2.90，后测：14.78 ± 2.66，F = 15.978，p < 0.001，η ²  = 0.307；平均收入：基线 12.43 ± 2.56，测试后 15.00 ± 2.57，F = 20.953，p < 0.001，η ²  = 0.368）。混合模型方差分析表明，测试时间和组之间存在显着的交互作用（adj BART 值：F = 4.859，p = 0.031，η ²  = 0.066；平均收入：F = 4.261，p = 0.043，η ² = 0.058)。结论：“刻意”意图的实施可以帮助医学生在风险决策任务中做出更理性的判断，避免过度保守的行为，获得更多的收益。