Agricultural management practices and extreme weather events associated with climate change can influence the diversity and abundance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) with potential consequences for crop production. However, the importance of the interactive effects of long-term agricultural management and extreme weather events on AMF communities in agricultural soils is not yet fully explored. A short-term drought experiment with rainout-shelters was performed in winter wheat fields in a long-term agricultural trial with organic (biodynamic) and conventional management practices. During four months of the winter wheat growing period (March–June 2017), the rainout-shelters reduced the ambient precipitation by 65% on average. At two sampling dates, the AMF diversity and community composition were assessed using a single-molecule real-time (SMRT) DNA sequencing. A total of 955 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), belonging to twelve genera were identified. The long-term farming systems and the short-term experimental drought did not affect AMF ASV diversity levels. The AMF community composition at the genus level differed between the organic and the conventional farming systems, but no distinctive communities were found in response to the experimental drought. The three most abundant genera Acaulospora, Paraglomus and Funneliformis were correlated to the two farming practices. Our study demonstrates that AMF communities in agricultural soils are responsive to long-term farming systems, and are resistant to one short-term summer drought event.

与气候变化相关的农业管理实践和极端天气事件会影响丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 的多样性和丰度，并对作物生产产生潜在影响。然而，长期农业管理和极端天气事件对农业土壤中 AMF 群落的交互影响的重要性尚未得到充分探讨。在长期农业试验中，采用有机（生物动力）和常规管理方法在冬小麦田中进行了雨棚短期干旱试验。在冬小麦生长期（2017 年 3 月至 6 月）的四个月内，避雨棚平均减少了 65% 的环境降水。在两个采样日期，使用单分子实时 (SMRT) DNA 测序评估 AMF 多样性和群落组成。共鉴定了 955 个扩增子序列变异 (ASV)，属于 12 个属。长期耕作系统和短期试验性干旱不影响 AMF ASV 多样性水平。有机和常规耕作系统在属水平上的 AMF 群落组成不同，但没有发现响应实验干旱的独特群落。三个最丰富的属 有机和常规耕作系统在属水平上的 AMF 群落组成不同，但没有发现响应实验干旱的独特群落。三个最丰富的属 有机和常规耕作系统在属水平上的 AMF 群落组成不同，但没有发现响应实验干旱的独特群落。三个最丰富的属Acaulospora，Paraglomus和Funneliformis明显相关性，两者的耕作方式。我们的研究表明，农业土壤中的 AMF 群落对长期耕作系统有反应，并且对一次短期夏季干旱事件具有抵抗力。