It is acknowledged that the accuracy of wave height simulations largely depends on the quality of the forcing wind field. Although many high-quality wind products have been developed, they are more or less subject to biases. Given this, how to obtain as accurate wave height simulations as possible using the forcing wind field with errors is a subject of practical significance. In this work, we investigated the sensitivity of wave height simulations to the whitecapping dissipation term in a third-generation wave model (Simulating WAves Nearshore, SWAN). A total of 11 different model configurations are involved in our work, including a variety of wind input and whitecapping schemes. Using a bin-averaged sampling method, a robust relationship between the normalized bin-averaged simulated wave heights and the whitecapping tunable coefficient (C_ds) was firstly found in this work. This relationship only depends on the selected whitecapping scheme, generally not affected by the wind input scheme. Based on this relationship, we proposed a potential method to calibrate the SWAN model quantitatively, which enables us to accurately determine the optimal C_ds value in terms of wave height simulations. Additional experiments also showed that this method is not restricted to specific model domain or forcing wind field, demonstrating high potential utility in the future.

众所周知，波高模拟的准确性在很大程度上取决于强迫风场的质量。虽然已经开发出很多优质的风电产品，但都或多或少存在偏差。鉴于此，如何利用有误差的强迫风场获得尽可能准确的波高模拟是一个具有实际意义的课题。在这项工作中，我们研究了波高模拟对第三代波浪模型（模拟近岸波，SWAN）中白顶耗散项的敏感性。我们的工作总共涉及 11 种不同的模型配置，包括各种风输入和白帽方案。使用箱平均采样方法，归一化箱平均模拟波高和白帽可调系数之间的稳健关系（C _ds ) 是在这项工作中首次发现的。这种关系只取决于选择的白帽方案，一般不受风输入方案的影响。基于这种关系，我们提出了一种潜在的方法来定量校准 SWAN 模型，这使我们能够准确地确定在波高模拟方面的最佳C _ds值。额外的实验还表明，该方法不限于特定的模型域或强迫风场，在未来显示出很高的潜在效用。