The rapid response of the atmosphere to the reduction in solar radiation during the annular solar eclipse on 26th December 2019 with maximum obscurity of 91.16% over Cochin, located in the southwest peninsular India, has been investigated. A suite of instruments encompassing an advanced VHF wind profiling Radar operating at 205 MHz, GPS radiosonde, and automatic weather station was employed to record the temporal and vertical variations in various meteorological parameters. Compared to the corresponding values averaged for two control days neighboring the eclipse day, the temperature, relative humidity, net radiation, pressure and wind speed at the surface were altered by −4.0 °C, +39.6%, −383.0 Wm⁻², +0.62 mb, and −2.6 ms⁻¹, respectively. The corresponding percentage variations are −13.6%, +71.0%, −67.0%, +0.06%, and −99.0% during the maximum phase of the eclipse, and approached close to the control-day values within about 2 h. Multiple temperature inversions as large as 1 °C were observed up to a height of about 7.3 km. The heights of mean planetary boundary layer (PBL) and tropopause were decreased by about 355 m (−50%) and 900 m (−5.5%), respectively during the peak of obscuration. Meanwhile, the vertical profiles of both the horizontal and vertical wind velocities demonstrate substantial reduction. The vertical wind dispersion, which characterizes the fluctuations in vertical air motion, was reduced by 34% in the PBL compared to its corresponding values on the control days. Subsequently, wavelet spectral analysis of the vertical wind yields a quasi-periodic oscillation indicating the presence of internal gravity waves with periodicities of 40–60 min in the lower altitudes up to 3 km during the eclipse day. Besides reporting the characteristic variations in various atmospheric parameters, the present study reveals the height-time variations in the vertical winds, a vital parameter of significance in the studies of convection, turbulence, and atmospheric waves.

已经研究了大气对 2019 年 12 月 26 日环形日食期间太阳辐射减少的快速响应，在位于印度西南部半岛的科钦上空的最大遮光度为 91.16%。一套仪器包括运行在 205 MHz 的先进 VHF 风廓线雷达、GPS 无线电探空仪和自动气象站，用于记录各种气象参数的时间和垂直变化。与邻近日食日的两个对照日的平均相应值相比，地表的温度、相对湿度、净辐射、压力和风速改变了 -4.0 °C, +39.6%, -383.0 Wm ^-2 , + 0.62 mb 和 -2.6 毫秒^-1， 分别。在日食的最大阶段，相应的百分比变化为 -13.6%、+71.0%、-67.0%、+0.06% 和 -99.0%，并在大约 2 小时内接近控制日值。在大约 7.3 公里的高度观察到了高达 1°C 的多次逆温。在遮蔽峰值期间，平均行星边界层 (PBL) 和对流层顶的高度分别降低了约 355 m (-50%) 和 900 m (-5.5%)。同时，水平风速和垂直风速的垂直剖面均显着降低。与控制日的相应值相比，PBL 中表征垂直空气运动波动的垂直风扩散减少了 34%。随后，垂直风的小波谱分析产生准周期振荡，表明在日食日期间，在低海拔高达 3 公里处存在周期性为 40-60 分钟的内部重力波。除了报告各种大气参数的特征变化外，本研究还揭示了垂直风的高度-时间变化，这是对流、湍流和大气波研究的重要参数。