Follicular regulatory T (Tfr) cells are the regulatory T cell subset mainly localized in the germinal center (GC), acting as modulators of GC responses. They can disrupt Tfh cell- and B cell-linked recognition, induce Tfh apoptosis, and suppress B cell function. Evidences show that dysregulated Tfr cells are associated with the disease activity index and serum autoantibody levels, influencing the development of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This review focuses on the interaction among Tfr, Tfh, and B cells, summarizes the characterization and function of Tfr cells, concludes the imbalance of CD4⁺T subsets in SLE, and presents potential therapies for SLE. In general, we discuss the roles of Tfr cells in the progress of SLE and provide potential treatments.

中文翻译：

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系统性红斑狼疮中的滤泡调节性 T 细胞

滤泡调节性 T (Tfr) 细胞是调节性 T 细胞亚群，主要位于生发中心 (GC)，充当 GC 反应的调节剂。它们可以破坏 Tfh 细胞和 B 细胞相关的识别，诱导 Tfh 细胞凋亡，并抑制 B 细胞功能。有证据表明，失调的 Tfr 细胞与疾病活动指数和血清自身抗体水平相关，影响系统性红斑狼疮 (SLE) 的发展。本综述重点关注 Tfr、Tfh 和 B 细胞之间的相互作用，总结了 Tfr 细胞的特征和功能，总结了SLE中 CD4 ⁺ T 亚群的不平衡，并提出了 SLE 的潜在疗法。总的来说，我们讨论了 Tfr 细胞在 SLE 进展中的作用并提供了潜在的治疗方法。