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Fear and anxiety in the face of COVID-19: Negative dispositions towards risk and uncertainty as vulnerability factors
Journal of Anxiety Disorders ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102454
Philip Millroth 1 , Renato Frey 2
Affiliation  

In the face of the COVID-19 pandemic it is important to identify factors that make people particularly vulnerable of developing mental-health issues in order to provide case-specific treatments. In this article, we examine the roles of two psychological constructs – originally put forth in the behavioral decision sciences – in predicting interindividual differences in fear responses: general risk aversion (GRA) and intolerance of uncertainty (IU). We first provide a review of these constructs and illustrate why they may play important roles in shaping anxiety-related disorders. Thereafter we present an empirical study that collected survey data from 550 U.S. residents, comprising self-assessments of dispositions towards risk and uncertainty, anxiety- and depression levels, as well as demographic variables – to thus test the extent to which these psychological constructs are predictive of strong fear responses related to COVID-19 (i.e., mortal fear, racing heart). The results from Bayesian multi-model inference analyses showed that GRA and IU were more powerful predictors of fear responses than demographic variables. Moreover, the predictive power of these constructs was independent of general anxiety- and depression levels. Subsequent mediation analyses showed that the effects of GRA and IU were both direct and indirect via anxiety. We conclude by discussing possible treatment options, but also highlight that future research needs to further examine causal pathways and conceptual overlaps.



中文翻译:

面对 COVID-19 时的恐惧和焦虑:对风险和不确定性的消极态度是脆弱因素

面对 COVID-19 大流行,重要的是要确定使人们特别容易出现心理健康问题的因素,以便提供针对具体情况的治疗。在本文中,我们研究了两种心理结构(最初在行为决策科学中提出)在预测恐惧反应的个体差异方面的作用:一般风险厌恶 (GRA) 和不确定性不容忍 (IU)。我们首先对这些结构进行回顾,并说明为什么它们可能在塑造焦虑相关疾病方面发挥重要作用。此后,我们提出了一项实证研究,该研究收集了 550 名美国居民的调查数据,包括对风险和不确定性、焦虑和抑郁水平的处置的自我评估,以及人口变量——从而测试这些心理结构在多大程度上预测与 COVID-19 相关的强烈恐惧反应(即致命恐惧、心跳加速)。贝叶斯多模型推理分析的结果表明,GRA 和 IU 比人口统计变量更能预测恐惧反应。此外,这些结构的预测能力独立于一般的焦虑和抑郁水平。随后的中介分析表明,GRA 和 IU 的影响既是直接的,也是通过焦虑间接产生的。我们最后讨论了可能的治疗方案,但也强调未来的研究需要进一步检查因果关系和概念重叠。贝叶斯多模型推理分析的结果表明,GRA 和 IU 比人口统计变量更能预测恐惧反应。此外,这些结构的预测能力独立于一般的焦虑和抑郁水平。随后的中介分析表明,GRA 和 IU 的影响既是直接的,也是通过焦虑间接产生的。我们最后讨论了可能的治疗方案,但也强调未来的研究需要进一步检查因果关系和概念重叠。贝叶斯多模型推理分析的结果表明,GRA 和 IU 比人口统计变量更能预测恐惧反应。此外,这些结构的预测能力独立于一般的焦虑和抑郁水平。随后的中介分析表明,GRA 和 IU 的影响既是直接的,也是通过焦虑间接产生的。我们最后讨论了可能的治疗方案,但也强调未来的研究需要进一步检查因果关系和概念重叠。随后的中介分析表明,GRA 和 IU 的影响既是直接的,也是通过焦虑间接产生的。我们最后讨论了可能的治疗方案,但也强调未来的研究需要进一步检查因果关系和概念重叠。随后的中介分析表明,GRA 和 IU 的影响既是直接的,也是通过焦虑间接产生的。我们最后讨论了可能的治疗方案,但也强调未来的研究需要进一步检查因果关系和概念重叠。

更新日期:2021-07-20
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