Inflammatory bowel diseases, principally Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are multifactorial chronic conditions. Alterations in gut microbial patterns partly affect disease onset and severity. Moreover, the evolution of dietary patterns, and their effect on gut microbial behaviour, have been shown to play a crucial role in disease processes. This Viewpoint reviews the role of dietary patterns, their influence on the structure and function of the gut microbiome, and their effects on inflammation and immunity in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease. We also discuss innovative dietary intervention strategies, summarise findings that have been used to develop recommendations for clinical practice, and provide suggestions for the design of future studies for development of precision nutrition in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

炎症性肠病，主要是克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎，是多因素慢性病。肠道微生物模式的改变在一定程度上影响了疾病的发生和严重程度。此外，饮食模式的演变及其对肠道微生物行为的影响已被证明在疾病过程中起着至关重要的作用。该观点回顾了饮食模式的作用、它们对肠道微生物组结构和功能的影响，以及它们对炎症性肠病患者的炎症和免疫的影响。我们还讨论了创新的饮食干预策略，总结了用于制定临床实践建议的研究结果，