Remarkable recent changes in the genetic diversity of the avirulence gene AvrStb6 in global populations of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici,Molecular Plant Pathology

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Remarkable recent changes in the genetic diversity of the avirulence gene AvrStb6 in global populations of the wheat pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici
Molecular Plant Pathology ( IF 4.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-14 , DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13101
Christopher Stephens ₁ , Fatih Ölmez ₂ , Hannah Blyth ₁ , Megan McDonald ₃ , Anuradha Bansal ₁ , Emine Burcu Turgay ₄ , Florian Hahn ₅ , Cyrille Saintenac ₆ , Vladimir Nekrasov ₅ , Peter Solomon ₃ , Andrew Milgate ₇ , Bart Fraaije ₁ , Jason Rudd ₁ , Kostya Kanyuka ₁

Affiliation

Septoria tritici blotch (STB), caused by the fungus Zymoseptoria tritici, is one of the most economically important diseases of wheat. Recently, both factors of a gene-for-gene interaction between Z. tritici and wheat, the wheat receptor-like kinase Stb6 and the Z. tritici secreted effector protein AvrStb6, have been identified. Previous analyses revealed a high diversity of AvrStb6 haplotypes present in earlier Z. tritici isolate collections, with up to c.18% of analysed isolates possessing the avirulence isoform of AvrStb6 identical to that originally identified in the reference isolate IPO323. With Stb6 present in many commercial wheat cultivars globally, we aimed to assess potential changes in AvrStb6 genetic diversity and the incidence of haplotypes allowing evasion of Stb6-mediated resistance in more recent Z. tritici populations. Here we show, using targeted resequencing of AvrStb6, that this gene is universally present in field isolates sampled from major wheat-growing regions of the world in 2013–2017. However, in contrast to the data from previous AvrStb6 population studies, we report a complete absence of the originally described avirulence isoform of AvrStb6 amongst modern Z. tritici isolates. Moreover, a remarkably small number of haplotypes, each encoding AvrStb6 protein isoforms conditioning virulence on Stb6-containing wheat, were found to predominate among modern Z. tritici isolates. A single virulence isoform of AvrStb6 was found to be particularly abundant throughout the global population. These findings indicate that, despite the ability of Z. tritici to sexually reproduce on resistant hosts, AvrStb6 avirulence haplotypes tend to be eliminated in subsequent populations.

中文翻译：

小麦病原体 Zymoseptoria tritici 全球种群中无毒基因 AvrStb6 遗传多样性的显着近期变化

由真菌Zymoseptoria tritici引起的小麦白斑病 (STB)是小麦经济上最重要的病害之一。最近， Z之间的基因对基因相互作用的两个因素。 tritici和小麦、小麦受体样激酶 Stb6 和Z。已鉴定出小麦分泌的效应蛋白 AvrStb6。先前的分析揭示了早期Z中存在的高度多样性的AvrStb6单倍型。小麦分离株集合，多达约 18% 的分析分离株具有 AvrStb6 的无毒同工型，与参考分离株 IPO323 中最初鉴定的相同。带Stb6存在于全球许多商业小麦品种中，我们旨在评估AvrStb6遗传多样性的潜在变化和允许在最近的Z中逃避Stb6介导的抗性的单倍型的发生率。小麦种群。在这里，我们使用AvrStb6的靶向重测序表明，该基因普遍存在于 2013-2017 年从世界主要小麦种植区采集的田间分离物中。然而，与以前的AvrStb6人口研究的数据相比，我们报告在现代Z中完全没有最初描述的 AvrStb6 的无毒亚型。小麦隔离。此外，发现在现代Z中占主导地位的单倍型数量非常少，每个单倍型都编码 AvrStb6 蛋白同种型，调节含Stb6小麦的毒力。小麦分离株。AvrStb6 的单一毒力异构体被发现在全球人口中特别丰富。这些发现表明，尽管Z有能力。为了在抗性宿主上进行有性繁殖，AvrStb6无毒单倍型倾向于在随后的群体中被消除。

更新日期：2021-08-12

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