We propose a class of alternative estimates and tests to restricted mean survival time (RMST) which improves power in numerous survival scenarios while maintaining a level of interpretability. The industry standards for interpretable hypothesis tests in survival analysis, RMST and logrank tests (LRTs), can suffer from low power in cases where the proportional hazards assumption fails. In particular, when late differences occur between survival curves, our proposed estimate and class of tests, window mean survival time (WMST), outperforms both RMST and LRT without sacrificing interpretability, unlike weighted rank tests (WRTs). WMST has the added advantage of maintaining high power when the proportional hazards assumption is met, while WRTs do not. With testing methods often being chosen in advance of data collection, WMST can ensure adequate power without distributional assumptions and is robust to the choice of its restriction parameters. Functions for performing WMST analysis are provided in the survWM2 package in R.

中文翻译：

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窗口平均生存时间

我们提出了一类限制平均生存时间 (RMST) 的替代估计和测试，它提高了许多生存场景中的功效，同时保持了一定程度的可解释性。生存分析中可解释假设检验的行业标准、RMST 和对数秩检验 (LRT) 在比例风险假设失败的情况下可能会受到低功效的影响。特别是，当生存曲线之间出现后期差异时，我们提出的估计和测试类别、窗口平均生存时间 (WMST) 在不牺牲可解释性的情况下优于 RMST 和 LRT，这与加权秩检验 (WRT) 不同。WMST 具有在满足比例风险假设时保持高功率的额外优势，而 WRT 则不然。通常在数据收集之前选择测试方法，WMST 可以在没有分布假设的情况下确保足够的功率，并且对其限制参数的选择具有鲁棒性。R 中的 survWM2 包中提供了用于执行 WMST 分析的函数。