Hyperspectral imaging has been used in a variety of geological applications since its advent in the 1970s. In the last few decades, different techniques have been developed by geologists to analyze hyperspectral data in order to quantitatively extract geological information from the high-spectral-resolution remote sensing images. We attempt to review and update various steps of the techniques used in geological information extraction, such as lithological and mineralogical mapping, ore exploration, and environmental geology. The steps include atmospheric correction, dimensionality processing, endmember extraction, and image classification. It is identified that per-pixel and subpixel image classifiers can generate accurate alteration mineral maps. Producing geological maps of different surface materials including minerals and rocks is one of the most important geological applications. The hyperspectral images classification methods demonstrate the potential for being used as a main tool in the mining industry and environmental geology. To exemplify the potential, we also include a few case studies of different geological applications.

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岩性测绘、矿产勘探和环境地质学中的高光谱遥感：最新评论

自 1970 年代出现以来，高光谱成像已被用于各种地质应用。在过去的几十年里，地质学家开发了不同的技术来分析高光谱数据，以便从高光谱分辨率遥感图像中定量提取地质信息。我们试图回顾和更新地质信息提取中使用的技术的各个步骤，例如岩性和矿物学制图、矿石勘探和环境地质学。这些步骤包括大气校正、维数处理、端元提取和图像分类。经鉴定，逐像素和亚像素图像分类器可以生成准确的蚀变矿物图。制作包括矿物和岩石在内的不同表面材料的地质图是最重要的地质应用之一。高光谱图像分类方法展示了在采矿业和环境地质学中用作主要工具的潜力。为了举例说明潜力，我们还包括一些不同地质应用的案例研究。