ABSTRACT After the tragedies of the twentieth century, the utopian impulse was subject to searching criticism by a host of liberal intellectuals including Karl Popper, Hannah Arendt, Isaiah Berlin, and Jacob Talmon. Looking to history and political philosophy, these thinkers impugned utopianism for so frequently destroying the freedoms it appeared to pursue. Defined by its theoretical contradictions, the utopian project, rooted in the politics of the Enlightenment, bore some responsibility for the totalitarianism and genocide that had shaped their lives. As this critique became liberal orthodoxy, a heretic group of anarchist thinkers challenged these conclusions. While travelling some distance with the liberal critics, for Paul Goodman, Marie Louise Berneri, and Herbert Read, the twentieth century, rather than invalidating the utopian urge made its boldness and experimentalism all the more vital. Their act of heresy was defending utopianism as a central component of their anarchist critique of the present.

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“睡狗和叛逆的希望”：实现乌托邦时代的无政府主义乌托邦主义

摘要 20 世纪悲剧发生后，乌托邦冲动受到了包括卡尔波普尔、汉娜阿伦特、以赛亚柏林和雅各布塔尔蒙在内的众多自由主义知识分子的严厉批评。着眼于历史和政治哲学，这些思想家指责乌托邦主义如此频繁地摧毁它似乎追求的自由。根植于启蒙运动政治的乌托邦计划由其理论矛盾所定义，对塑造他们生活的极权主义和种族灭绝负有一定的责任。随着这种批评成为自由主义的正统观念，一群异端的无政府主义思想家挑战了这些结论。在与自由主义批评家有一段距离时，对于二十世纪的保罗·古德曼、玛丽·路易斯·伯内里和赫伯特·里德，与其使乌托邦式的冲动无效，不如说它的大胆和实验主义变得更加重要。他们的异端行为是捍卫乌托邦主义，将其作为他们对当下的无政府主义批判的核心组成部分。