This study is focused on the regional variation of rainfall (RF) in Pakistan using wavelet transformation. The RF variation in five regions of Pakistan, namely, Karachi, Lahore, Peshawar, Quetta and Islamabad are investigated. The highest variability was observed from 1961 to 2015 in a monthly data set for each region. The results reveal that the main variation is observed in the middle phase of each RF signal and some in the recovery phase (initial and end) using Daubechies (db 2) wavelet. In addition, the study reveals that the maximum RF variability occurred in 1–4-year periodicity using the Morlet wavelet. This caused moisture and led to more RF received in cities. Karchi, Peshawar, and Quetta show a decrease in RF as compared to Lahore and Islamabad. We also estimated the role of significant ENSO periodicity for 8–16 years in increasing RF observed post-1970 and pre-1970, and after 2000, showing neutral or decreasing RF. Finally, based on these results, Islamabad and Lahore are the wettest cities observed as compared to Karachi, Peshawer and Quetta, which represent the drier cities with low RF.

本研究的重点是使用小波变换研究巴基斯坦降雨量 (RF) 的区域变化。调查了巴基斯坦五个地区的射频变化，即卡拉奇、拉合尔、白沙瓦、奎达和伊斯兰堡。从 1961 年到 2015 年，在每个地区的月度数据集中观察到了最高的变异性。结果表明，使用 Daubechies (db 2) 小波在每个 RF 信号的中间阶段观察到主要变化，在恢复阶段（初始和结束）中观察到一些变化。此外，该研究表明，使用 Morlet 小波在 1-4 年周期内出现最大 RF 变异性。这导致潮湿并导致城市接收到更多射频。与拉合尔和伊斯兰堡相比，卡尔奇、白沙瓦和奎达的 RF 有所下降。我们还估计了 8-16 年显着的 ENSO 周期性在增加 1970 年后和 1970 年前以及 2000 年之后观测到的 RF 中的作用，显示 RF 中性或降低。最后，根据这些结果，伊斯兰堡和拉合尔是观察到的最潮湿的城市，而卡拉奇、白沙威和奎达则代表了低 RF 的干燥城市。