This study attempts to examine the main forces affecting short-run and long-run carbon emission patterns due to changes in economic growth, income inequality and poverty in India over the period 1982–2018. For this purpose, it uses the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration technique and the vector error correction model (VECM) based on Granger causality tests. The stationary properties of the variables are checked using the Ng–Perron test. The results of the ARDL bounds test confirm the long-run relationship among the variables. Further, the ARDL coefficient confirms that economic growth and poverty increase carbon emissions in both the short and long run. The empirical findings of the causality test indicate the presence of short-run causality running from economic growth and poverty reduction to environmental degradation. Hence, the study recommends that policymakers must devote more attention to alleviating poverty and reducing income inequalities through redistributing transfers, investing on universal access to health and education, implementing progressive taxation policies, empowering women and enforcing the Clean India mission, which will have a positive impact on reducing environmental degradation in India. Further, the study also recommends appropriate environmental regulations that can substantially stimulate innovations to increase energy efficiency and thereby reduce carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions.

本研究试图检验 1982 年至 2018 年期间由于印度经济增长、收入不平等和贫困的变化而影响短期和长期碳排放模式的主要力量。为此，它使用了自回归分布式滞后 (ARDL) 协整技术和基于格兰杰因果检验的向量误差校正模型 (VECM)。使用 Ng-Perron 检验检查变量的平稳特性。ARDL 界限检验的结果证实了变量之间的长期关系。此外，ARDL 系数证实了经济增长和贫困在短期和长期都会增加碳排放。因果关系检验的实证结果表明存在从经济增长和减贫到环境退化的短期因果关系。因此，该研究建议政策制定者必须更加关注通过重新分配转移支付、投资于普及医疗和教育、实施累进税收政策、赋予妇女权力和执行清洁印度使命来减轻贫困和减少收入不平等，这将对减少印度的环境退化。此外，该研究还建议了适当的环境法规，这些法规可以极大地刺激创新以提高能源效率，从而减少二氧化碳（CO 赋予妇女权力并执行清洁印度使命，这将对减少印度的环境退化产生积极影响。此外，该研究还建议了适当的环境法规，这些法规可以极大地刺激创新以提高能源效率，从而减少二氧化碳（CO 赋予妇女权力并执行清洁印度使命，这将对减少印度的环境退化产生积极影响。此外，该研究还建议了适当的环境法规，这些法规可以极大地刺激创新以提高能源效率，从而减少二氧化碳（CO₂ ) 排放。