Information stored in the human memory is organized in the form of mental schemata. In this paper we report on the Reproduction of Categorical Knowledge (ROCK) tool, a novel method for uncovering the structure of mental schemata of memorized information. The tool applies serial reproduction and hierarchical clustering to magnify memory bias and uncover inner configurations of fragmented information, using strength of association. We conducted behavioral experiments to test the validity of the tool. Experiment 1a demonstrated that the schematic structure of personality traits uncovered by the ROCK tool highly matched those described by the Big Five theory. This finding was replicated in Experiment 1b, focusing on a lower-level personality dimension extroversion with results aligned with personality theories. Experiment 2 assessed the ROCK tool using artificial stimuli with a pre-defined structure, created using a Markov chain model. Participants acquired the structure of the stimuli through an implicit learning procedure, and the ROCK tool was used to assess their level of recall. The results showed that the learned structure was identical to the designed structure of the stimuli. The results from both studies suggest that the ROCK tool could effectively reveal the structure of mental schemata.

中文翻译：

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ROCK 工具：一种图式结构探索的新方法

存储在人类记忆中的信息以心理图式的形式组织。在本文中，我们报告了分类知识再现（ROCK）工具，这是一种揭示记忆信息心理图式结构的新方法。该工具应用串行复制和层次聚类来放大记忆偏差，并利用关联强度揭示碎片信息的内部配置。我们进行了行为实验来测试该工具的有效性。实验 1a 表明，ROCK 工具揭示的人格特质的示意性结构与大五理论描述的人格特质高度匹配。这一发现在实验 1b 中得到了重复，重点关注较低水平的人格维度外向性，其结果与人格理论一致。实验 2 使用具有预定义结构（使用马尔可夫链模型创建）的人工刺激来评估 ROCK 工具。参与者通过内隐学习程序获得刺激的结构，并使用 ROCK 工具来评估他们的回忆水平。结果表明，学习到的结构与设计的刺激结构相同。两项研究的结果表明，ROCK 工具可以有效地揭示心理图式的结构。