We examine whether industries save electricity per unit of output when electricity prices rise. This is of interest for policy makers considering changing tariffs on industrial electricity consumption. Previous studies use national or sector-level data offering limited information about how individual industries are affected, which is needed for better targeting policies. Using Danish time-series data (1966–2015), we therefore analyze industries at a detailed level. In particular, for each of 99 industries, we use Autometrics to find a well-specified partial VAR model for the intensities of electricity and other energy (an aggregate of oil, coal, gas, district heating and biomass). The model allows for cointegration and is conditional on energy prices and heating degree days. We find that, 15 industries (26% of total industrial electricity use in 2015), save electricity (per unit of output) when this becomes more expensive. For another 18 industries (10%), both electricity and other energy are saved when electricity prices increase. Finally, there are only 4 industries (3%), for which the savings on electricity are compensated by an increase in other energy.

我们研究了当电价上涨时，各行业是否会节省每单位产出的电力。这对于考虑改变工业用电关税的政策制定者来说是有意义的。以前的研究使用国家或部门级别的数据，提供有关各个行业如何受到影响的有限信息，这是更好地制定针对性政策所必需的。因此，我们使用丹麦时间序列数据（1966-2015 年），对行业进行了详细分析。特别是，对于每个在 99 个行业中，我们使用 Autometrics 为电力和其他能源（石油、煤炭、天然气、区域供热和生物质的总和）的强度找到了一个明确指定的部分 VAR 模型。该模型允许协整，并以能源价格和采暖度天数为条件。我们发现，15 个行业（2015 年工业用电量占总用电量的 26%）会在电力变得更加昂贵时节省电力（每单位产出）。对于另外 18 个行业（10%），当电价上涨时，电力和其他能源都得到了节省。最后，只有 4 个行业 (3%) 的电力节省通过增加其他能源得到补偿。